Table 3.
Overall diagnostic accuracy of microscopy, RDT, and uRDT compared to qPCR as a reference test for the diagnosis of malaria
| qPCR | Total | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | Value (95%CI) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (+) | (-) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | LR(+) (95% CI) | LR(-) (95% CI) | Kappa (95% CI) | |||||
| Microscopy | (+) | 88 | 5 | 93 | 55.7% (47.6–63.6) | 98.5% (96.6–99.5) | 94.6% (88.0–97.7) | 82.7% (80.0–85.0) | 37.8 (15.7–91.1) | 0.46 (0.4–0.5) | 0.60 (0.53–0.68) |
| (-) | 70 | 334 | 404 | ||||||||
| RDT | (+) | 129 | 16 | 145 | 81.7% (74.7–87.3) | 95.2% (92.5–97.2) | 89% (83.2–92.9) | 91.7% (88.9 – 94.0) | 17.3 (10.7–28.1) | 0.19 (0.1–0.3) | 0.78 (0.72–0.84) |
| (-) | 29 | 323 | 352 | ||||||||
| uRDT | (+) | 139 | 19 | 158 | 88% (81.9–92.6) | 94.4% (91.4–96.6) | 88% (82.5–91.9) | 94.4% (91.7–96.2) | 15.7 (10.0–24.4) | 0.13 (0.1–0.2) | 0.82 (0.77–0.87) |
| (-) | 19 | 320 | 339 | ||||||||
Pf (P. falciparum); RDT (rapid diagnostic test); uRDT (ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic test); qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction); (+) (positive); (-) (negative); PPV (positive predictive value); NPV (negative predictive value); CI (confidence interval);LR: Likelihood ratio