Table 1.

Example Behaviors of CEA and CEN.

Childhood Psychological Abuse	Childhood Psychological Neglect
● Belittling, denigrating, or other rejection	● Failing to provide necessary care for children
● Singling out or humiliating in public	● Providing little or no warmth, nurturing, praise during any developmental period in childhood
● Intentionally trying to scare, humiliate, ignore, or isolate a child	● Being detached or uninvolved; interact only when necessary
● Confining within environment	● Refusing to provide serious emotional health
● Having rigid/unrealistic expectations accompanied by threats if not meet
● Restricting social interaction in community

Source. Adapted from Hibbard et al. (2012) and Dubowitz (2013).

Note. CEA = childhood emotional abuse; CEN = childhood emotional neglect.