Table 1.

Comparison of BCI types for triggering motor commands in BCI-mediated PMFR.

BCI type	Key indicators	Advantages	Disadvantages
Motor imagery (MI-BCI)	EEG signals, FBCSP, tDCS	Neural basis in MI, clinical efficacy	MI capability assessment challenges
BCI-combined brain stimulation	rTMS, tDCS, optogenetics	Feasible, modulates cortical excitability	Optogenetics in preclinical stage
Strengthening external devices	Exoskeletons, neuro-prostheses	Promotes motor learning, user-friendly	Maturity of exoskeleton designs needed
Multimodal feedback	Tactile, proprioception, auditory, VR	Enhances motor learning, engagement	Need for tailored feedback strategies