Table 3.
Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for 30-Day Mortality
| Variables | Total (n=193) | Death (n=43) | Survive (n=150) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex, male | 129 (66.8%) | 30 (69.8%) | 99 (66.0%) | 0.644 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 76.0 (69.0–84.0) | 79.0 (71.0–86.0) | 75.0 (69.0–84.0) | 0.207 |
| History of ICU stays (from hospital admission to positive respiratory specimen culture for K. pneumoniae) | 95 (49.2%) | 33 (76.7%) | 62 (41.3%) | <0.001 |
| Underlying conditions | ||||
| Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 3 | 130 (67.4%) | 32 (74.4%) | 98 (65.3%) | 0.263 |
| Immunocompromised | 52 (26.9%) | 22 (51.2%) | 30 (20.0%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung diseases | 85 (44.0%) | 22 (51.2%) | 63 (42.0%) | 0.286 |
| Chronic renal diseases | 41 (21.2%) | 13 (30.2%) | 28 (18.7%) | 0.102 |
| Chronic liver diseases | 15 (7.8%) | 4 (9.3%) | 11 (7.3%) | 0.919 |
| Myocardial infarction | 43 (22.3%) | 9 (20.9%) | 34 (22.7%) | 0.809 |
| Peripheral vascular diseases | 65 (33.7%) | 21 (48.8%) | 44 (29.3%) | 0.017 |
| Heart failure | 36 (18.7%) | 11 (25.6%) | 25 (16.7%) | 0.186 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 96 (49.7%) | 20 (46.5%) | 76 (50.7%) | 0.631 |
| Connective tissue diseases | 19 (9.8%) | 5 (11.6%) | 14 (9.3%) | 0.656 |
| Peptic ulcer | 15 (7.8%) | 3 (7.0%) | 12 (8.0%) | 1.000 |
| Hematological malignancy | 7 (3.6%) | 2 (4.7%) | 5 (3.3%) | 1.000 |
| Carcinoma | 51 (26.4%) | 9 (20.9%) | 42 (28.0%) | 0.354 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 73 (37.8%) | 14 (32.6%) | 59 (39.3%) | 0.419 |
| Hypertension | 128 (66.3%) | 30 (69.8%) | 98 (65.3%) | 0.588 |
| History | ||||
| Surgical history within 3 months | 117 (60.6%) | 29 (67.4%) | 88 (58.7%) | 0.299 |
| Previous smoking history | 87 (45.1%) | 19 (44.2%) | 68 (45.3%) | 0.894 |
| Previous drinking history | 43 (22.3%) | 9 (20.9%) | 34 (22.7%) | 0.809 |
| Antibiotics (within 3 months before a positive culture) | 177 (91.7%) | 43 (100%) | 134 (89.3%) | 0.025 |
| Exposure to carbapenems | 70 (36.3%) | 22 (51.2%) | 48 (32.0%) | 0.021 |
| Exposure to tigecycline | 24 (12.4%) | 12 (27.9%) | 12 (8.0%) | <0.001 |
| Clinical severity at infection onset | ||||
| Pitt bacteremia score ≥ 3 | 74 (38.3%) | 34 (79.1%) | 40 (26.7%) | <0.001 |
| qSOFA ≥ 2 | 78 (40.4%) | 37 (86.0%) | 41 (27.3%) | <0.001 |
| Sepsis/septic shock | 51 (26.4%) | 33 (76.7%) | 18 (12.0%) | <0.001 |
| Severe pneumonia | 62 (32.1%) | 39 (90.7%) | 23 (15.3%) | <0.001 |
| Clinical biochemical indexes | ||||
| PCT (ng/mL) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.9 (0.4–2.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) | 0.017 |
| HR-CRP (mg/L) | 57.6 (27.1–122.1) | 127.0 (42.3–154.8) | 48.7 (24.8–89.6) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.8 (0.4–2.0) | 1.3 (0.7–3.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.099 |
| WBC (10^9/L) | 9.9 (7.0–13.5) | 10.8 (6.0–16.1) | 9.7 (7.1–12.4) | 0.247 |
| NEU (10^9/L) | 8.0 (5.1–11.4) | 9.1 (5.2–14.1) | 7.5 (5.1–10.8) | 0.280 |
| LYM (10^9/L) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.9 (0.5–1.3) | 0.211 |
| NEU (%) | 82.8 (74.7–89.8) | 88.7 (83.1–91.6) | 80.5 (73.9–87.5) | 0.025 |
| LYM (%) | 8.1 (5.2–15.2) | 5.4 (4.2–7.1) | 9.5 (5.5–15.8) | 0.011 |
| Bacteria | ||||
| CRKP infection | 115 (59.6%) | 33 (76.7%) | 82 (54.7%) | 0.009 |
| Failure of microbiological clearance | 85 (44.0%) | 21 (48.8%) | 64 (42.7%) | 0.472 |
| Length of stay before infection | 14.0 (5.0–33.0) | 12.0 (6.0–22.0) | 14.0 (4.8–36.5) | 0.244 |
| Co-infection | 24 (12.4%) | 8 (18.6%) | 16 (10.7%) | 0.164 |
| Prior K. pneumoniae infection or colonization in the preceding 3 years | 40 (20.7%) | 6 (16.3%) | 33 (23.0%) | 0.415 |
| Antimicrobial therapy | ||||
| Inappropriate empirical therapy | 92 (47.7%) | 19 (44.2%) | 73 (49.7%) | 0.604 |
| Inappropriate targeted therapy | 71 (36.8%) | 12 (27.9%) | 59 (39.3%) | 0.171 |
| Treatment process | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 75 (38.9%) | 29 (67.4%) | 46 (30.7%) | <0.001 |
| Admission to ICU after infection | 127 (65.8%) | 38 (88.4%) | 89 (59.3%) | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay | 21 (10.0–51.5) | 10 (5.0–14.0) | 32.5 (14.0–61.0) | <0.001 |
| Length of ICU stay | 8 (0–25.5) | 16 (12.0–25.0) | 4 (0–27.3) | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; PCT, procalcitonin; HR-CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell count; NEU, neutrophil count; LYM, lymphocyte count.