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. 2023 Oct 20;16:2209–2222. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S431228

Table 3.

Comparison of Factors Relevant to Lactation Between Two Groups

Variables Cases [n (%)] Controls [n (%)] P value
Nipple discharge (n=1144; 130)* <0.01
 Yes 497 (43.44) 23 (17.69)
 No 647 (56.56) 107 (82.31)
Nipple invagination (n=1144; 130) <0.01
 Yes 355 (31.00) 6 (4.62)
  Grade I 201 (17.57) 5 (3.85)
  Grade II 109 (9.53) 1 (0.77)
  Grade III 45 (3.93) 0 (0)
 None 789 (69.00) 124 (95.38)
Breastfeeding (n=1100; 124) 0.90
 Yes 698 (63.45) 78 (62.90)
 No 402 (36.55) 46 (37.10)
Lactation time (months), (n=698; 78) 0.44
 Left breast 11.2 ± 7.97 11.51 ± 9.58
 Right breast 11.46 ± 8.21 10.49 ± 7.38
Prolactin level (n=1144; 130) <0.01
 Above normal 75 (6.56) 1 (0.77)
 Normal or unknown 1069 (93.44) 129 (99.23)
Psychotropic drug intake (n=1144;130) <0.01
 Yes 21 (1.84) 1 (0.77)
 No 1123 (98.16) 129 (99.23)

Note: *Indicates (number of cases; number of controls).