Evidentiary table (selected key studies only): non-invasive cerebral oxygenation monitoring (NIRS)

Reference	Patient number	Study design	Patient group	Technique assessment	End-point	Findings	Quality of evidence
Buchner, 2000	31	Prosp Obs	SAH, TBI	NIRS With PbtO2	Data quality, factors influencing signal, parameter correlation	50–80 % good quality data, signal influenced by optode wetting, galea hematoma, subdural air; partial correlation of NIRS with PbtO2	Low
Kirkpatrick, 1998	130	Prosp Obs	Carotid endarterectomy	NIRS with EEG, TCD CBFV	Ischemia thresholds	80 % good quality data	Low
Davie, 2012	12	Prosp Obs	Healthy volunteers	NIRS	Extracerebral signal influence	Head cuff inflation reveals 7–17 % extracranial signal contribution in three commercial NIRS monitors	Low
Yoshitani, 2007	103	Prosp Obs	Cardiac/Neuro-ICU	NIRS	Factors influencing the signal	NIRS signal (rSO2) influenced by skull thickness, CSF layer, hemoglobin	Moderate
Brawanski, 2002	12	Prosp Obs	TBI, SAH	NIRS with PbtO2	Inter-monitoring correlation	Good correlation	Low
Rothoerl, 2002	13	Prosp Obs	TBI, SAH	NIRS with PbtO2	Inter-monitoring correlation	Good correlation	Low
McLeod, 2003	8	Prosp Obs	TBI	NIRS with PbtO2, SjvO2	Inter-monitoring correlation	Good correlation	Low
Ter Minassian, 1999	9	Prosp Obs	TBI	NIRS with SjvO2	Inter-monitoring correlation	Poor correlation	Low
Buunk, 1998	10	Prosp CS	Cardiac arrest	NIRS with SjvO2	Inter-monitoring correlation	Poor correlation	Low
Weerakkody, 2012	40	Prosp Obs	TBI	NIRS with ICP/CPP	Inter-monitoring correlation	Good correlation	Low
Zweifel, 2010a	40	Prosp Obs	TBI	NIRS with ICP/CPP PRx	Inter-monitoring correlation	Good correlation	Moderate
Zweifel, 2010b	27	Prosp Obs	SAH	NIRS with TCD CBFV/ MAP Mx	Inter-monitoring correlation	Good correlation	Moderate
Rothoerl, 2003	9	Prosp Obs	TBI	NIRS with Xe133 perfusion	Inter-monitoring correlation	Poor correlation	Low
Terborg, 2004	25	Prosp CaseCont	Hem AIS	NIRS with MRI perfusion	Inter-monitoring correlation	Good correlation	Moderate
Frisch, 2012	5	Case series	Card arrest	NIRS with PetCO2	Inter-monitoring correlation	Poor correlation	Very low
Bhatia, 2007	32	Prosp Obs	SAH	NIRS with DSA	Inter-monitoring correlation	Good correlation	Low
Taussky, 2012	6	Retrosp CS	SAH, AIS, ICH	NIRS with CT perfusion	Inter-monitoring correlation	Good correlation	Very low
Aries, 2012	9	Prosp Obs	AIS	NIRS with SaO2 and blood pressure	Signal response to drops in SaO2 and BP	Good detection of desaturations less good detection of hypotension	Very low
Hargroves, 2008	7	Prosp Obs	AIS	NIRS	Signal response to position of head of bed	Good reflection of position-related oxygenation changes	Very low
Damian, 2007	24	Retro Obs	AIS	NIRS	Outcome, clinical course, imaging	Bilateral NIRS with interhemispheric difference reflecting clinical course, outcome and effect of decompressive surgery	Low
Bonoczk, 2002	43	RCT interv.	AIS	NIRS with TCD	Response of rSO2 and CBFV to vinpocetine	Increase of rSO2 in response to vinpocetine	Moderate
Naidech, 2008	6	Prosp CS	SAH	NIRS with TCD, DSA	Change of NIRS signal in vasospasm	No reliable detection of vasospasm by NIRS	Very low
Yokose, 2010	11	Prosp CS	SAH	NIRS With TCD, DSA	Change of NIRS signal in vasospasm	Good detection of vasospasm	Very low
Mutoh, 2010	7	Prosp CS	SAH	NIRS	Response of NIRS signal to dobutamine	Detection of vasospasm by NIRS, NIRS signal increasing with incremental dobutamine	Low
Gopinath, 1993	40	Prosp Obs	TBI	NIRS with CT	Detection of secondary hematoma	Detection secondary hematoma by NIRS	Low
Gopinath, 1995	167	Prosp Obs	TBI	NIRS with CT, ICP, clinical	Time to detection of secondary hematomy	Earlier detection of secondary hematoma than by ICP, clinical signs or CT	Moderate
Budohoski, 2012	121	Prosp Obs	TBI	NIRS with TCD CBFV, PbtO2, MAP, ICP	Time to cerebral parameter changes MAP and ICP increases	Earlier reflection of MAP and ICP changes by NIRS than by TCD and PbtO2	Moderate