Studies evaluating parameters of global perfusion in acute brain injury patients

Reference	Patient number	Study design	Group	GP Assessment	End-point	Findings	Quality of evidence
Venous saturation
Di Filippo et al. [70]	121	P	TBI	ScvO2	To assess the prognostic value of ScvO2 after TBI	ScvO2 values were lower in non-survivors than in survivors (p = 0.04) but not independently predictor of mortality	Very low
Gaieski et al. [71]	38	R (b/a)	CA	ScvO2 CTRL	To assess the impact of ScvO2guided therapy on outcome after CA	ScvO2-guided therapy tended to a reduction in mortality	Low
Walters et al. [72]	55	P (b/a)	CA	ScvO2 CTRL	To assess the impact of ScvO2guided therapy on outcome after CA	ScvO2-guided therapy tended to an improved neurological outcome	Moderate
Lactate
Donnino et al. [75]	79	R	CA	Lactate	To assess the prognostic value of lactate clearance after CA	Higher lactate clearance at 6-, 12-, and 24- in survivors than non-survivors	Very low
Karagiannis et al. [118]	28	R	IHCA	Lactate	To assess the prognostic value of lactate clearance after CA	Lactate clearance was significantly lower in survivors than non-survivors	Very low
Kliegel et al. [74]	394	R	CA	Lactate	To assess the prognostic value of lactate levels and lactate clearance after CA	Lactate levels at 48 h were independently associated with poor neurological outcome	Very low
Lemiale et al. [46]	1,152	R	OHCA	Lactate	To assess the prognostic value of lactate after CA	Admission lactate was an independent predictor of ICU mortality	Very low
Starodub et al. [73]	199	R	OHCA IHCA	Lactate	To assess the prognostic value of lactate levels and lactate clearance after CA	Initial serum lactate and lactate clearance were not predictive of survival	Very low
Cocchi et al. [119]	128	R	OHCA	Lactate	To assess the prognostic value of lactate levels and vasopressors after CA	Vasopressor need and lactate levels could predict mortality	Very low
Oddo et al. [120]	88	P	CA	Lactate	To assess the prognostic value of several hospital variables after CA	Lactate on admission was an independent predictor of poor outcome	Low
Shinozaki et al. [121]	98	P	OHCA	Lactate	To assess the prognostic value of lactate after CA	Initial lactate level was independently associated with poor outcome Level > 12 mmol/L predicted poor outcome (Sens. 90 % and Sp. 52 %)	Low
Mullner et al. [122]	167	R	OHCA	Lactate	To assess the prognostic value of lactate after CA	Initial lactate values were correlated with the duration of arrest and associated with poor outcome	Very low
Adrie et al. [123]	130	P	OHCA	Lactate	To identify clinical and laboratory variables that predict outcome after CA	Lactate on admission was an independent predictor of poor outcome	Low
Zhao et al. [124]	81	P	TBI	Lactate	To assess the effect of TH on lactate and glucose levels after TBI	TH reduced more rapidly lactate levels than normothermia	Low
Yatsushige et al. [125]	12	P	TBI	Lactate	To assess predictors of poor outcome after decompressive craniectomy	Lactate levels were independently associated with poor outcome	Very low
Meierhans et al. [126]	20	R	TBI	Lactate	To assess the effects of arterial lactate on brain metabolism	Blood lactate >2 mmol/L increased brain lactate and decreased brain glucose	Very low
Cureton et al. [127]	555	R	TBI	Lactate	The impact of lactate on neurological outcome	Increased lactate was associated with more severe head injury Patients with lactate >5 mmol/L had better outcome	Very low
Brouns et al. [128]	182	P	Stroke	Lactate	The impact of lactate on neurological outcome	Blood lactate was not associated with outcome	Low
Jo et al. [129]	292	R	Stroke	Lactate	The impact of initial lactate on neurological outcome	Initial lactate levels >2 mmol/L associated with poor outcome	Very low
ΔCO2
Tsaousi et al. [130]	51	P	BS	ΔCO2	To assess the relationship between CI and ΔCO2	Good correlation (R2 = 0.830) between the two variables	Very low

P prospective, R retrospective, CA cardiac arrest, OHCA out-of-hospital CA, IHCA in-hospital CA, ScvO₂ central venous saturation, ΔCO₂ veno-arterial CO₂ difference, BS brain surgery, CI cardiac index, TBI traumatic brain injury, TH therapeutic hypothermia, Sens. sensitivity, Spec. specificity, CTRL control group