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. 2023 Oct 24;18(10):e0293387. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293387

Table 2. The association of participants’ knowledge of energy definition and recommended energy requirements with sociodemographic variables and BMI using chi-square (n = 1279).

Knowledge of energy definition Knowledge of energy requirements Total knowledge
Answered correctly n (%) Answered correctly n (%) Answered both correctly n (%)
Total 844 (66.0) 475 (37.1) 363 (28.4)
Sex
Female 454 (53.8) 264 (55.6) 197 (54.3)
Male 390 (46.2) 211 (44.4) 166 (47.7)
P-value 0.019 0.771 0.126
Age (years)
<30 460 (54.5) 269 (56.6) 208 (57.3)
≥30 384 (45.5) 206 (43.4) 155 (42.7)
P-value 0.403 0.171 0.367
Marital status
Married 400 (47.4) 221 (46.5) 164 (45.2)
Single 444 (52.6) 254 (53.5) 199 (54.8)
P-value 0.813 0.772 0.321
Educational level
Less than college 196 (23.2) 96 (20.2) 71 (19.6)
College or above 648 (76.8) 379 (79.8) 292 (80.4)
P-value 0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Employment
Employed 456 (54.0) 244 (51.4) 188 (51.8)
Unemployed 388 (46.0) 231 (48.6) 175 (48.2)
P-value 0.261 0.418 0.477
Body Mass Index (kg/m 2 )
Underweight (<18.5) 30 (3.6) 16 (3.40) 11 (3.0)
Normal (18.5–24.9) 370 (43.8) 218 (45.9) 169 (46.6)
Overweight (25–29.9) 301 (35.7) 164 (34.5) 120 (33.1)
Obese (≥30) 143 (16.9) 77 (16.2) 63 (17.4)
P-value 0.069 0.354 0.029

P-values were calculated using chi-square tests among demographic categories.