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. 2023 Oct 10;10:1275684. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1275684

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Copyright © 2023 Alqarni, Aldhahir, Alghamdi, Alqahtani, Siraj, Alwafi, AlGarni, Majrshi, Alshehri and Pang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Arachidonic acid metabolism. Hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids via phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) releases arachidonic acid (AA), which is then converted by cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to the intermediate prostaglandin H₂ (PGH₂). PGH₂ is converted to multiple prostanoids; prostacyclin (PGI₂), thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂), prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), and prostaglandin F₂ (PGF₂) via their respective synthases; prostaglandin I synthase (PGIS), thromboxane A synthase (TXAS), prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS), prostaglandin E₂ synthases (PGESs), and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS).