Table 2.
Immune cells profile in Omicron COVID-19 patients.
| Total Omicron-infected patients (n = 19) | p Valuea | Vaccinated Omicron-infected patients (n = 15) | p Valueb | Total mild SARS-CoV-2 patients (asymptomatic and symptomatic 2020) | p Valuec | Uninfected controls (n = 18) | p Valued | p Valuee | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NK and NKT-like cell profile | |||||||||
| NK cells | 13.4 (8.5–20.1) | ns | 17.7 (11.4–21.5) | ns | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | 0 | 18.1 (12.2–23.73) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| NKT-like cells | 7.1 (3.1–12) | ns | 7.4 (4.2–14.4) | ns | 3.1 (0.8–7.6) | 0.016 | 4.9 (3.15–7.7) | 0.0007 | 0.0003 |
| B-cell profile | |||||||||
| B cells | 10 (7–13.6) | ns | 8.2 (5.5–12.7) | ns | 4.5 (2.9–6.4) | 0 | 9.95 (7.525–12.4) | 0.0001 | 0.0002 |
| Memory B cells | 23 (17.8–30.8) | ns | 28.2 (21.1–36.3) | ns | 6.9 (3.6–17.2) | 0 | 19.35 (17.58–27.35) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| T-cell Profile | |||||||||
| CD4+Th cells | 48.9 (44.5–56.4) | 0.0176 | 48.9 (44.5–56.4) | 0.0372 | 69.5 (59.7–78.3) | 0 | 65.65 (51.23–76.85) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| CD8+Tc cells | 36.6 (29–40.2) | 0.0001 | 36.6 (29–44.1) | 0.0003 | 22.3 (12.7–31.3) | 0 | 13.55 (6.425–24.2) | 0.0002 | 0.0007 |
| Memory T-cell profile | |||||||||
| CD4+ Naïve T cells | 41.5 (22.7–57.2) | ns | 32.2 (22.7–56.4) | ns | NA | 22.4 (3.95–47.3) | NA | ||
| CD4TCM cells | 34.1 (23.1–41.5) | ns | 38.6 (28.1–43.8) | 0.0372 | 24.4 (8.65–40.1) | ||||
| CD4++ TEMRA cells | 1.5 (0.9–2.7) | 0.0001 | 1.8 (0.9–2.6) | 0.0001 | 26.6 (14.3–38.2) | ||||
| CD4+effector T cells | 21.5 (11.1–30.2) | ns | 21.3 (11.1–30.2) | ns | 2.75 (0.7–40.8) | ||||
| CD8+ naïve T cells | 37.4 (20.8–57.2) | 0.0062 | 36.6 (21.3–47) | 0.0108 | 15.1 (3.8–25.9) | ||||
| CD8+ TCM cells | 8.15 (5.2–13.8) | 0.0029 | 8.6 (5.9–12.9) | 0.0053 | 1.95 (0.9–7.95) | ||||
| CD8+ TEMRA cells | 20.7 (9.6–41.3) | ns | 36.5 (12–44) | ns | 17.3 (11.8–32.8) | ||||
| CD8+effector T cells | 21.5 (12.3–32.7) | 0.0005 | 21.4 (13.5–28.2) | 0.0005 | 45.6 (26.5–64.8) | ||||
ns, nonsignificant; NA, not available. Comparison of immune cell profiles among total Omicron COVID-19 patients group (n = 19), vaccinated Omicron-infected patients group (n = 15), total mild SARS-CoV-2 patients group (2020) (n = 45) and uninfected healthy controls (n = 18). Percentage of each cell type is represented as median (IQR), p value <0.05 is considered significant, p value a: total Omicron COVID-19 patients vs. uninfected controls, p value b: vaccinated Omicron COVID-19 patients group vs. uninfected controls, p value c: total mild SARS-CoV-2 patients (2020) vs. uninfected controls, p value d: total Omicron COVID-19 patients group vs. total mild SARS-CoV-2 patients group (2020), p value e: vaccinated Omicron-infected patients group vs. total mild SARS-CoV-2 patients (2020) group.