Table 4.
Levels of cytokines/chemokines in patients with Omicron infection and uninfected controls.
| Analytes | Omicron-infected patients (n = 19) | Omicron-infected patients vs. uninfected controls | Uninfected controls (n = 36) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pro-inflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-1β | 0.1 (0–0.3) | ns | 0.1 (0–1.53) |
| IL-5 | 0.8 (0–0.16) | 0.035 | 0.91 (0.1–2.32) |
| IL-6 | 0.1 (0–0.21) | 0.000 | 0.08 (0–1.17) |
| IL-7 | 0.73 (0.33–1.31) | 0.000 | 0.21 (0.1–1.94) |
| IL-9 | 2.15 (0.23–2.51) | 0.000 | 2.17 (0.69–2.37) |
| IL-15 | 1 (0–1.89) | 0.000 | 0.18 (0.1–3.12) |
| IL-17 | 0.5 (0.45–0.97) | ns | 0.58 (0–1.9) |
| TNF-α | 1.09 (0.56–1.73) | 0.000 | 1.28 (0.1–1.95) |
| Anti-inflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-1ra | 1.66 (1.57–2.1) | ns | 1.38 (0.1–3.32) |
| IL-4 | 0.1 (0–0.4) | ns | 0.09 (0–0.71) |
| IL-10 | 0.15 (0.06–0.74) | 0.012 | 0.29 (0–1.61) |
| IL-13 | 0.1 (0–0.6) | ns | 0.1 (0–3.12) |
| TH1 cytokines | |||
| IFN-γ | 0.14 (0.05–0.55) | 0.000 | 0.13 (0–1.9) |
| IL-2 | 0.08 (0–0.1) | 0.000 | 0.71 (0–1.43) |
| IL-12(p70) | 0.38 (0.31–1.24) | ns | 0.27 (0–1.81) |
| Chemokines | |||
| Eotaxin | 0.84 (0–1.77) | 0.000 | 1.50 (0–1.98) |
| CCL-2/ MCP-1(MCAF) | 0.54 (0–1.3) | 0.000 | 1.73 (0.05–2.2) |
| CCL-3/ MIP-1α | 0.1 (0–0.5) | 0.000 | 0.41 (0–1.28) |
| CCL-4/MIP-1β | 1.7 (0.28–1.86) | 0.000 | 2.07 (0.1–2.33) |
| CCL-5/RANTES | 2.44 (0–3.16) | 0.000 | 3.43 (0.86–4.02) |
| IL-8 | 0.05 (0–0.56) | 0.000 | 1.25 (0–2.03) |
| CXCL-10/IP-10 | 1.95 (0.83–3.18) | 0.010 | 1.8 (0.1–2.23) |
| Growth factors | |||
| FGF basic | 0.68 (0.6–0.97) | 0.000 | 1.07 (0.1–2.4) |
| G-CSF | 1.15 (0.83–2.12) | 0.000 | 2 (1.39–2.61) |
| GM-CSF | 0.1 (0–0.2) | 0.000 | 0.11 (0–1.13) |
| VEGF | 1.45 (0–1.55) | 0.000 | 2.36 (1.83–2.68) |
| PDGF-bb | 1.56 (0.51–2.5) | 0.000 | 2.23 (1.03–2.97) |
Values for cytokines and chemokines are presented as median (IQR). Log10 pg/mL (range); p < 0.05 considered significant, ns, nonsignificant.