Table 4.
Overview nurse-led interventions in older adults affected by cancer.
| Author and year | Purpose | Intervention |
|---|---|---|
| Bigelow et al, 202125 | To describe the implementation, associated interventions, and outcomes of the PFRC's proactive virtual resource center navigation model. | This virtual nurse-led intervention will reduce barriers to care during the pandemic. The nurse navigator determines the complexity of needs and risk factors and then triages them to the appropriate team member. Visits were completed by phone or video. When unmet need is identified, respective interventions, internal or external such as financial relief, food pantry resources, external referrals, transport, and educational support, are provided. |
| Casey et al, 201726 | To evaluate patient satisfaction with a nurse-led phone call follow-up clinic for patients with prostate cancer. | A nurse-led telephone follow-up service for patients with stable prostate cancer. A satisfaction survey was used to assess patients satisfaction with the service. All patients were assessed every 6 months by phone at a pre-agreed time and date. This consisted of a recent PSA test and assessment of IPSS score, ECOG status, and side effects from treatment or any new symptoms consistent with local or metastatic disease progression. Triggers to discuss patients with their consultant included any change in symptoms or rise in PSA nadir. |
| Craven et al, 201228 | To explore the usefulness of a nurse-led telephone intervention for supporting cancer patients treated with Capecitabine. | A nurse-led telephone follow-up service. Patients were assessed at baseline and thereafter had two phone calls during cycle 1 (Days 3 & 10) and one phone call during cycle 2 (Day 10). The call duration was 5–10 min (10–15 min for new patients). Chemotherapy booklet and written information about capecitabine and related toxicities. Patients were given the 24-h ‘hotline’ phone number of the cancer center. |
| Catania et al, 202127 | To pilot a nurse-led complex intervention focused on QoL assessment in advanced-disease cancer patients. | The INFO-QoL intervention aimed to improve patients' outcomes and overall QoL in advanced-disease cancer patients with palliative care needs. There are three main components: (1) a small group interdisciplinary team educational program focusing on QoL issues and interventions that promote better outcomes in advanced-disease cancer care; (2) nurse-patient and nurse-family face-to-face interaction to educate patients and their families on QoL issues; (3) patients' outcomes and QoL assessment and appointing a nurse in charge of the process. The care plan was developed during the daily multidisciplinary staff briefing and included changing treatments/routes of administration, monitoring vital signs, providing emotional support, educating patients and their families about the illness and options for care based on their goals and preferences, and initiating decision-making conversations. |
| Faithfull et al, 201335 | To compare outcomes in terms of toxicity, symptoms experienced, quality of life, satisfaction with care, and health care costs between those receiving nurse-led care and groups receiving standard care. | This nurse-led intervention approach explors patients' understanding of cancer diagnosis and symptoms, provids information and practical advice, and distributes leaflets on healthy eating and radiotherapy in outpatient appointments for 20 min. Telephone contact was also maintained between clinic appointments to assess health status. Contact was established at the start of radiotherapy and continued throughout treatment until 12 weeks. The provision of information and practical advice on how to recognize early symptoms, what to expect from treatment, and how to manage existing problems were considered. A protocol of medication and management for symptoms was agreed upon with the responsible consultants. |
| Ferguson and Aning, 201529 | To describe the implementation of a nurse-led survivorship program for men with prostate cancer. | This nurse-led intervention delivers a survivorship program. Patients were given an overview of the role of the survivorship nurse specialist and then invited to attend face-to-face appointments for 45 min at 10 weeks post-treatment, 6 months and 1 year. All men were also invited to attend a 6-week course of “Living with and Beyond” education. The educational program was developed in collaboration with staff at the Maggie's Center (prostate cancer overview, radiotherapy overview, side-effects of hormone therapy, post-prostatectomy continence, psychosexual implications of treatment). |
| Festen et al, 201930 | To evaluate nurse-led geriatric assessment and assessment of patient preferences for oncological treatment decisions for older patients with solid malignancy. | This nurse-led intervention included the integration of geriatric assessment and assessment of patients preferences in a multidisciplinary approach to reach tailored treatment advice. Inclusion of the study took place in the outpatient clinic, where patients will be discussed in the conventional tumor board, as well as in the onco-geriatric MDT, where nurses had an active role to compare recommendations and implementation purposes. |
| Knowles et al, 200731 | To assess the feasibility of a follow up program led by a nurse specialist for patients with colorectal cancer. | This nurse-led intervention included placement of the CNS in the multidisciplinary team to coordinate follow-up programs with adherence to follow-up protocols at each clinic visit. A baseline QoL is measured pre-operatively and then at each of the 4 visits. A questionnaire, which is a self-rated tool, is then used at the 12-month follow-up. Clinician satisfaction is also used at the completion of the study. |
| Kotronoulas et al, 201741 | To explore the impact of nurse-led PROMS consultation with patients. | This nurse-led intervention included a pre-consultation PROM (SCNS). Data were collected during three consecutive, monthly consultations, and used by the CNS to enable delivery of personalized supportive care. |
| Kotronoulas et al, 201842 | To examine whether a nurse-led PRO measure-driven measure is feasible and acceptable for identifying unmet needs in patients with Lung Cancer. | This nurse-led intervention included three consecutive monthly consultations with patients using the PRO measure. Subsequently, the lung CNS met with the patient and used PRO data to identify unmet needs, direct discussions, and intervene accordingly. The lung CNS documented any identified needs and clinical interventions/advice. |
| Malmstrom et al, 201655 | To evaluate the effect of a nurse-led telephone supportive care program on QoL compared to conventional care on patients following esophageal resection for cancer. | This nurse-led intervention included a meeting before discharge where the patients had the opportunity to ask questions, discuss their concerns, and receive both oral and written information focusing on life after surgery, self-care, plans for the future, and where to turn for help if needed. After discharge, the follow-up by the nurse was proactive and focused on the patients individual needs for support as well as areas known to be problematic for patients after this type of surgery, eg, nutrition, elimination, pain, and psychological issues, aiming to detect possible problems at an early stage and help patients manage them. |
| Martin et al, 201832 | To explore the impact of nurse-led service among men undergoing AS for prostate cancer. | The nurse-led intervention included nurse assessment of current health status (and sexual function/ability, where appropriate) and LUTS symptoms, review of PSA and other biochemical results, DRE at 6/12 intervals or if LUTS deteriorated, tailored discussion of all findings with patient ± spouse/partner/carer and offer copy of clinic letter, arrange 2 yearly transrectal ultrasound/template biopsies or sooner if PSA/DRE deteriorates ± MRI, arrange follow-up and arrange PSA before next visit. A clear rationale and trigger for the safety net to refer to consultants. |
| McGlynn et al, 201433 | A local evaluation of the innovative nurse-led collaborative care model for the management of patients with prostate cancer. | A nurse-led collaborative care model for the management of patients with prostate cancer. The nurse makes a full assessment and advises/plans further management appropriately, with advice as required either from the nurse consultant or a consultant/medical team. All patients have contact details for the urology-oncology nursing team and are encouraged to be in touch as required. |
| Primeau et al, 201744 | To explore the experience of patients and their partner/caregiver, as well as MDT members, of a nurse-led multimodality supportive care intervention in men with metastatic prostate cancer as well as standard care. | This nurse-led intervention included patients and their partners/caregivers by completing a holistic needs assessment prior to routine three-month follow-up. A clinical review is then conducted by the PCNS, which lasts for 40–90 min. Information which used to identify supportive care needs and tailor self-management support through ThriveCare intervention. |
| Ream et al, 200943 | To investigate the roles of Prostate Cancer Clinical Nurse Specialists and determine their targeted services, work practices and perceived contribution. | This nurse-led intervention related to caring activities related to care coordination, emotional care, treatment advice, symptom assessment and management, giving results, treatment administration, preoperative preparation, and monitoring at-risk patients. |
| Reinke et al, 202240 | To assess the effect of a nurse-led telephone-based primary palliative care intervention in patients with lung cancer. | This nurse-led intervention included a one-day End-of-Life Nursing Education Course for Veterans diagnosed with lung cancer, an 8-h online communication course, and nurse support and education on lung cancer symptom management. |
| Schenker et al, 202137 | To evaluate a palliative nurse-led model. | The CONNECT intervention included three-month visits with an existing infusion room nurse who was trained to address symptoms, provide emotional support, engage in advance care planning, and coordinate care. Conceptually grounded in the chronic care model described by Wagner and colleagues, CONNECT used an oncology nurse-led care management approach to improve the provision of primary palliative care within outpatient oncology practices. |
| Schofield et al, 201638 | To investigate the benefits of a group nurse-led intervention in men receiving radiotherapy for prostate cancer. | The intervention package was designed to: 1) systematically assess patient needs and values to direct the content of consultations; 2) provide timely information on basic prostate anatomy, side effects, treatment, and survivorship issues at critical points in the treatment trajectory; 3) coach men in evidence-based self-care and communication strategies with their treatment team to assist them in achieving optimal health status; and 4) offer a forum for psychosocial peer support and information exchange. It consists of four group consultations and one individual consultation. |
| Sibbons et al, 201934 | To explore the impact of nurse-led service among patients affected by renal cancer. | This nurse-led intervention included patients for follow-up appointments after either radical or partial nephrectomy surgery for histologically proven renal cell carcinomas at either 3, 6, or 12 monthly intervals, depending upon their stage, grade, and original diagnosis. The clinic is run by two clinical nurse specialists on a weekly basis and consists of an average of six patients per clinic, utilizing 30-min slots. No further details were reported about the nursing process of care. |
| Stanciu et al, 201839 | To evaluate a nurse-led model of personalized care after prostate cancer treatment. | This nurse-led intervention included the use of a comprehensive holistic needs assessment tool and care plan, specifically exploring the physical, emotional, spiritual, lifestyle, and family aspects of cancer survivorship, together with an additional bespoke instrument developed in secondary care to monitor physical symptoms. Following the assessment, the nurse will provide individualized information, advice, and support tailored to each patient to help men improve their symptoms or cope better with symptoms they cannot improve. Patient referrals to GP or secondary care and signposting to community or third-sector support services were made as appropriate. |
| Van der Meulen et al, 201345 | To develop a nurse-led educational intervention to provide information during a discharge interview and to investigate the effects of the intervention on information needs and satisfaction with information in head and neck cancer. | This nurse-led intervention provided educational intervention in a 30–45 min structured conversation about general information, wound care, physical-social problems, work, and finances. |
ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; PFRC, Patient and Family Resource Center; QoL, quality of life; PROMs, Patient-reported outcome measures; PCNS, Prostate Cancer Nurse Specialist; PSA, Prostate Specific Antigen; DRE, Digital Rectal Examination; MDT, multidisciplinary team; PCNS, Prostate Cancer Nurse Specialist; SCNS, Supportive Care Needs Short; LUTS, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.