Table 2.
Characteristics of clinical trials reporting changes in body composition with SGLT2is treatment
| Study | Year, country | Population | Intervention | Sample size | Age (years) | Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | Concurrent medications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bolinder et al. [53] | 2012, multicenter | T2DM | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day | 91 | 60.6 ± 8.2 | 32.1 ± 3.9 | Exclusive treatment with metformin |
| Placebo | 89 | 60.8 ± 6.9 | 31.7 ± 3.9 | ||||
| Bolinder et al. [52] | 2014, multicenter | T2DM | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day | 69 | 60.6 ± 8.2 | 32.1 ± 3.9 | Exclusive treatment with metformin |
| Placebo | 71 | 60.8 ± 6.9 | 31.7 ± 3.9 | ||||
| Blonde et al. [51] | 2016, multicenter | T2DM | Canagliflozin 100 mg/day | 63 | 64.3 ± 6.6 | 30.9 ± 4.8 | Antihyperglycemic agents |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg/day | 73 | 63.0 ± 6.0 | 31.6 ± 4.3 | ||||
| Placebo | 75 | 64.2 ± 6.4 | 32.0 ± 5.5 | ||||
| Fadini et al. [62] | 2017, Italy | T2DM | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day | 15 | 66.3 ± 1.8 | 28.4 ± 1.4 | Oral glucose-lowering drugs or insulin |
| Placebo | 16 | 61.0 ± 1.8 | 32.8 ± 1.4 | ||||
| Inoue et al. [69] | 2019, Japan | T2DM | Ipragliflozin 50 mg/day | 24 | 60.5 ± 9.8 | 27.9 ± 4.0 | Insulin alone or plus oral hypoglycemic agents |
| Placebo | 24 | 60.8 ± 12.1 | 27.7 ± 4.5 | ||||
| Chehregosha et al. [56] | 2021, Iran | T2DM/NAFLD | Empagliflozin 10 mg | 35 | 50.5 ± 8.4 | 30.9 ± 3.3 | NR |
| Pioglitazone | 34 | 52.5 ± 7.9 | 29.4 ± 3.7 | ||||
| Placebo | 37 | 51.8 ± 7.8 | 30.2 ± 4.4 | ||||
| Lauritsen et al. [58] | 2021, Denmark | T2DM | Empagliflozin 25 mg/day vs. placebo (crossover design) | 13 | 62 ± 6 | 31.5 ± 5.0 | Metformin |
| Horibe et al. [68] | 2022, Japan | T2DM | Dapagliflozin 5 mg/day | 26 | 59.7 ± 12.0 | 28.0 ± 4.0 | Oral hypoglycemic agents other than SGLT2i |
| Placebo | 24 | 62.3 ± 6.5 | 27.6 ± 3.8 | ||||
| Brandt-Jacobsen et al. [54] | 2023, Denmark | T2DM | Empagliflozin 25 mg/day | 38 | 65.7 ± 9.1 | 32.8 ± 5.6 | Unspecified glucose-lowering treatment |
| Placebo | 40 | 66.4 ± 8.7 | 30.3 ± 5.9 | ||||
| Nakaguchi et al. [60] | 2020, Japan | T2DM | Empagliflozin 10 mg/day | 31 | 66.3 ± 9.5 | 25.8 ± 4.1 | Insulin |
| Liraglutide | 30 | 67.2 ± 9.0 | 26.4 ± 4.6 | ||||
| McCrimmon et al. [59] | 2020, multicenter | T2DM | Canagliflozin 300 mg/day | 90 | 58.6 ± 10.1 | 32.3 ± 5.5 | Metformin |
| Semaglutide | 88 | 57.8 ± 9.9 | 32.6 ± 6.4 | ||||
| Cefalu et al. [55] | 2013, multicenter | T2DM | Canagliflozin 100 mg/day | 111 | NR | NR | Metformin |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg/day | 102 | ||||||
| Glimepiride | 96 | ||||||
| Kitazawa et al. [64] | 2020, Japan | T2DM | Tofogliflozin 20 mg/day | 33 | 57.3 ± 11.4 | 25.3 ± 3.9 | Metformin and DPP4 inhibitors |
| Glimepiride | 31 | 57.6 ± 9.3 | 25.4 ± 3.8 | ||||
| Wolf et al. [61] | 2021, Brazil | T2DM | Dapagliflozin 10 mg/day | 44 | 58 ± 7 | 30 (7) | Up to two oral hypoglycemic agents |
| Glibenclamide | 45 | 58 ± 7 | 30 (7) | ||||
| Tsurutani et al. [50] | 2018, multicenter | T2DM | Ipragliflozin 50 mg/day | 60 | 53.5 ± 11.72 | 28.8 (6.3) | Patients with prior use of SGLT2is or incretin-related agents were excluded |
| Sitagliptin | 59 | 54.0 ± 10.7 | 28.5 (5.2) | ||||
| Zeng et al. [67] | 2022, Taiwan | T2DM | Empagliflozin 25 mg/day | 46 | 58.9 ± 9.9 | 27.7 ± 5.0 | Premixed insulin with or without OAD |
| Linagliptin | 51 | 58.7 ± 10.2 | 28.0 ± 3.5 | ||||
| Kato et al. [63] | 2017, Japan | T2DM |
Dapagliflozin 5 mg/day vs. control (Cross-over design) |
Preceding group = 27 | 48.7 ± 11.5 | 30.3 ± 5.3 | Insulin or antidiabetic drugs |
| Following group = 29 | 49.4 ± 11.8 | 29.6 ± 4.9 | |||||
| Shimizu et al. [65] | 2018, Japan | T2DM/NAFLD | Dapagliflozin 5 mg/day | 33 | 56.2 ± 11.5 | 27.6 ± 4.7 | Three OAD with or without insulin |
| Control | 24 | 57.1 ± 13.8 | 28.3 ± 3.5 | ||||
| Yamakage et al. [66] | 2020, Japan | T2DM | Dapagliflozin 5 mg/day | 27 | 58.4 ± 13.0 | 31.3 ± 7.6 | Sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase, DPP4 inhibitors, or their combination |
| Control | 27 | 60.7 ± 11.9 | 30.7 ± 6.2 | ||||
| Han et al. [57] | 2020, Korea | T2DM | Ipragliflozin 50 mg/day | 30 | 52.5 ± 10.3 | 30.4 ± 5.4 | Metformin and pioglitazone combination for at least 8 weeks |
| Control | 15 | 56.7 ± 11.8 | 30.2 ± 2.5 |
T2DM type 2 diabetes, BMI body mass index, NR not reported, SGLT2i sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4, OAD oral antidiabetic drugs
Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range)