Table 1.
F1 score of different models on three testing sets
| Category | Internal testing dataset | TC-JSIEC | TC-unseen | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard AI model | UIOS model | UIOS+ thresholding | Standard AI model | UIOS model | UIOS+ thresholding | Standard AI model | UIOS model | UIOS+ thresholding | |
| Normal | 97.48 | 99.18 | 99.88 | 72.50 | 84.34 | 90.00 | 75.39 | 83.17 | 92.86 |
| TF | 93.05 | 93.12 | 98.68 | 75.86 | 78.79 | 94.74 | 59.36 | 78.43 | 89.14 |
| PM | 95.98 | 98.84 | 99.39 | 99.08 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 79.90 | 80.00 | 94.69 |
| GL | 97.26 | 98.53 | 100.00 | 60.87 | 72.73 | 93.33 | 77.69 | 78.33 | 95.08 |
| RVO | 95.72 | 97.36 | 99.60 | 86.21 | 95.24 | 100.00 | 65.48 | 84.96 | 97.03 |
| RD | 93.43 | 99.27 | 100.00 | 97.35 | 94.44 | 98.85 | 48.95 | 72.19 | 92.59 |
| AMD | 87.97 | 97.24 | 99.41 | 83.53 | 93.67 | 99.31 | 42.78 | 50.17 | 76.63 |
| DR | 93.25 | 98.04 | 99.62 | 82.54 | 87.76 | 96.83 | 53.43 | 83.21 | 96.04 |
| CSCR | 75.65 | 94.05 | 99.33 | 68.29 | 77.78 | 100.00 | 79.65 | 83.84 | 93.12 |
| Average | 92.20 | 97.29 | 99.55 | 80.69 | 87.19 | 97.01 | 64.74 | 77.15 | 91.91 |
TF tigroid fundus, PM pathological myopia, GL glaucoma, RVO retinal vein occlusion, RD retinal detachment, AMD age-related macular degeneration, DR diabetic retinopathy, CSCR central serous chorioretinopathy.