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. 2023 Oct 6;78:101821. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101821

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Adiponectin deficiency lowers endocrine pancreas function related genes, including PPARα and HNF4α expression in the islets. Adiponectin KO mice were fed with HFD starting at 8 weeks of age for 5 months followed by harvesting pancreatic islets. Total RNA was extracted from the islets and utilized for mRNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). (n = 3) (A) Hierarchical clustering of transcriptomes of wild type and adiponectin KO islets. (n = 3) The genes whose adjusted p-value are less than 0.05 among protein coding genes are shown in the heatmap. The number of up-regulated and down-regulated genes are described at the bottom of the heatmap. (B) The top 5 down-regulated pathways in adiponectin KO islets by KEGG pathway analysis. (n = 3) (C) Scatter plot of the RNA-seq. X-axis; the average of control fpkm, Y-axis; the average of adiponectin KO fpkm. (n = 3) (D) Ins1 expression in adiponectin KO islets. (n = 3) (E) PPARα expression in the adiponectin KO islets. (n = 3–4) (F) HNF4α expression in the adiponectin KO islets. (n = 4) (G) mRNA expressions of PPARα target genes. (n = 4) (H) mRNA expressions of HNF4α target genes. (n = 4) (I) The scheme of the procedure for analyzing the relationship between transcriptional targets and differentially expressed genes in adiponectin KO islets. (J) The Venn diagram representing the genes expressed in pancreatic islets (cyan + purple area) and differentially expressed genes in adiponectin KO islets (purple area). The enrichment is the proportion of purple area to whole genes expressed in islets (cyan + purple area). (K) The Venn diagram demonstrating the relationship between PPARα target genes (yellow + white area) and differentially expressed genes in adiponectin KO islets (white + purple area). The enrichment is the proportion of white area to PPARα target genes. (L) The Venn diagram demonstrating the relationship between HNF4α target genes (green + cyan area) and differentially expressed genes in adiponectin KO islets (cyan + purple area). The enrichment is the proportion of cyan area to HNF4α target genes. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001. Unpaired 2-tailed t-tests were utilized for determining the p-values for (D), (E), (F), (G) and (H).