. 2022 Jun 16;12(5):671–681. doi: 10.21037/hbsn-21-546

Table 2. Associations between MAFLD and extrahepatic cancers in all participants.

Cancer types	MAFLD		Non-MAFLD		Unadjusted		Age-, sex-adjusted		Multivariate adjusted^†
Cancer types	No. of events	Incidence rate (/10⁵ PYs)	No. of events	Incidence rate (/10⁵ PYs)	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Extrahepatic	1,790	344.90	3,615	316.31	1.09 (1.03–1.15)	0.003	1.05 (0.99–1.11)	0.123	1.05 (0.99–1.11)	0.114
Thyroid	46	8.75	85	7.36	1.19 (0.83–1.70)	0.343	1.44 (1.00–2.08)	0.049	1.47 (1.01–2.12)	0.042
Lung	495	94.39	1138	98.71	0.95 (0.85–1.05)	0.330	0.92 (0.83–1.02)	0.126	0.92 (0.83–1.02)	0.130
Esophageal	68	12.94	158	13.67	0.95 (0.71–1.26)	0.698	0.91 (0.69–1.21)	0.522	0.89 (0.67–1.15)	0.421
Gastric	132	25.13	278	24.07	1.04 (0.85–1.28)	0.699	1.01 (0.82–1.24)	0.924	1.02 (0.83–1.25)	0.863
Biliary	29	5.52	72	6.23	0.88 (0.57–1.36)	0.575	0.87 (0.57–1.34)	0.530	0.89 (0.58–1.37)	0.595
Pancreatic	44	8.37	100	8.65	0.97 (0.68–1.38)	0.845	0.94 (0.66–1.34)	0.729	0.97 (0.68–1.38)	0.849
Small intestine	16	3.04	23	1.99	1.53 (0.81–2.89)	0.193	1.47 (0.78–2.78)	0.236	1.52 (0.80–2.87)	0.199
Colorectal	250	47.65	466	40.38	1.18 (1.01–1.38)	0.035	1.14 (0.98–1.33)	0.090	1.15 (0.98–1.34)	0.078
Kidney	98	18.66	134	11.60	1.59 (1.22–2.06)	0.001	1.53 (1.18–1.99)	0.002	1.54 (1.18–2.00)	0.001
Bladder	66	12.56	147	12.72	0.99 (0.74–1.32)	0.921	0.99 (0.74–1.32)	0.941	0.98 (0.73–1.32)	0.903
Prostate^§	59	3.28	94	10.28	1.29 (0.93–1.80)	0.122	1.44 (1.04–2.01)	0.030	1.49 (1.07–2.08)	0.018
Breast^¶	120	136.63	217	89.42	1.51 (1.21–1.89)	<0.001	1.30 (1.03–1.65)	0.028	1.31 (1.04–1.66)	0.024

^†, adjusted for age, sex, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and family history of cancers; ^§, only for men; ^¶, only for women. MAFLD, metabolic associated fatty liver disease; PYs, person-years; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.