Table 1. Comparative overview of neuroplasticity-based rehabilitation strategies.

Sources: [15,17,19,40–56].

Rehabilitation strategy	Mechanism of action	Targeted outcome	Key benefits
Constraint-induced movement therapy	Forced use of impaired limbs for functional tasks	Motor recovery and skill improvement	Promotes neuroplasticity through intense use of affected limbs
Virtual reality and gamification	Immersive environments for motor and cognitive tasks	Motor and cognitive improvement	Explores virtual neural pathways, enhances motivation
Brain-computer interfaces	Brain signals control external devices	Motor and communication recovery	Directly engages neuroplastic responses in control regions
Cognitive rehabilitation	Cognitive exercises to improve neural function	Cognitive enhancement	Promotes synaptic strengthening in cognitive circuits
Robot-assisted therapy	Robotic devices guide controlled movements	Motor skill improvement	Facilitates neural relearning and sensorimotor integration
Transcranial magnetic stimulation	Noninvasive brain stimulation	Motor and cognitive recovery	Induces neuroplastic changes through modulating neural activity
Personalized neurorehabilitation	Tailored programs based on patient profiles	Enhanced recovery outcomes	Addresses individual needs and optimizes neuroplasticity
Multimodal Rehabilitation	Integration of multiple therapies	Holistic recovery	Harnesses synergistic neuroplastic effects
Sensorimotor Integration Training	Integrating sensory and motor exercises	Improved sensory-motor coordination	Facilitates neural connections between sensory and motor regions
Hybrid virtual reality-based therapy	Merging virtual reality with physical exercises	Motor and cognitive recovery	Provides engaging, immersive rehabilitation with neuroplastic benefits
Combination of brain stimulation with rehabilitation	Pairing brain stimulation with motor training	Enhanced motor and cognitive recovery	Amplifies neuroplastic responses and recovery progress