Table 2.
Comparison of the general characteristics divided into the status of fall risk and frailty.
| High fall risk (n = 703) | Frailty (n = 703) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 376) | Yes (n = 327) | P-value | No (n = 243) | Yes (n = 460) | P-value | |
| Collection time, n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 2014–2016 | 151 (40.2) | 98 (30.0) | 98 (40.3) | 151 (32.8) | ||
| 2017–2019 | 117 (31.1) | 82 (25.1) | 82 (33.7) | 117 (25.4) | ||
| 2020–2022 | 108 (28.7) | 147 (45.0) | 63 (25.9) | 192 (41.7) | ||
| Age, [median (IQR), years] | 84 (80, 87) | 86 (83, 89) | <0.001 | 82 (78, 86) | 86 (83, 89) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 210 (55.9) | 193 (59.0) | 0.397 | 149 (61.3) | 254 (55.2) | 0.120 |
| Married, n (%) | 257 (68.4) | 208 (63.6) | 0.185 | 185 (76.1) | 280 (60.9) | <0.001 |
| High school or above, n (%) | 219 (58.2) | 170 (52.0) | 0.096 | 147 (60.5) | 242 (52.6) | 0.046 |
| Religion, n (%) | 39 (10.4) | 48 (14.7) | 0.084 | 23 (9.5) | 64 (13.9) | 0.089 |
| Current or former smoker, n (%) | 74 (19.7) | 97 (29.7) | 0.002 | 60 (24.7) | 111 (24.1) | 0.869 |
| Current or former drinker, n (%) | 75 (19.9) | 77 (23.5) | 0.247 | 54 (22.2) | 98 (21.3) | 0.779 |
| BMI [mean±SD, Kg/m2] | 23.1 ± 3.4 | 23.3 ± 3.9 | 0.443 | 23.3 ± 3.1 | 23.2 ± 3.9 | 0.643 |
| Fall history in the past year, n (%) | 38 (10.1) | 132 (40.4) | <0.001 | 38 (15.6) | 132 (28.7) | <0.001 |
| Fear of falling, n (%) | 200 (53.2) | 209 (63.9) | 0.004 | 110 (45.3) | 299 (65.0) | <0.001 |
| Walking aids, n (%) | 66 (17.6) | 196 (59.9) | <0.001 | 31 (12.8) | 231 (50.2) | <0.001 |
| Dentures, n (%) | 247 (65.7) | 232 (70.9) | 0.136 | 167 (68.7) | 312 (67.8) | 0.808 |
| Eating problems, n (%) | 153 (40.7) | 163 (49.8) | 0.015 | 87 (35.8) | 229 (49.8) | <0.001 |
| Reason for admission, n (%) | 0.451 | 0.266 | ||||
| Cardiovascular diseases | 60 (16.0) | 45 (13.8) | 43 (17.7) | 62 (13.5) | ||
| Peripheral vascular diseases | 185 (49.2) | 147 (45.0) | 114 (46.9) | 218 (47.4) | ||
| Nervous system diseases | 32 (8.5) | 38 (11.6) | 17 (7.0) | 53 (11.5) | ||
| Respiratory diseases | 29 (7.7) | 27 (8.3) | 20 (8.2) | 36 (7.8) | ||
| Other | 70 (18.6) | 70 (21.4) | 49 (20.2) | 91 (19.8) | ||
| CIRS-G score, [median (IQR), scores] | 8.0 (6.0, 11.8) | 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) | 0.001 | 8.0 (6.0, 11.0) | 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) | <0.001 |
| Polypharmacy (≥5 medications), n (%) | 211 (56.1) | 208 (63.6) | 0.043 | 113 (46.5) | 306 (66.5) | <0.001 |
| Pain, n (%) | 147 (39.1) | 161 (49.2) | 0.007 | 95 (39.1) | 213 (46.3) | 0.067 |
| Urinary incontinence, n (%) | 124 (33.0) | 148 (45.3) | 0.001 | 74 (30.5) | 198 (43.0) | 0.001 |
| IC composite score, [median (IQR), scores] | 8.0 (7.0, 8.5) | 7.0 (5.5, 8.0) | <0.001 | 8.5 (7.5, 9.0) | 7.0 (5.5, 8.0) | <0.001 |
| IC subdomains | ||||||
| Cognition, [median (IQR), scores] | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | <0.001 | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | <0.001 |
| Vitality, [median (IQR), scores] | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.001 | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.001 |
| Locomotion, [median (IQR), scores] | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.001 | 2.0 (2.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.001 |
| Psychology, [median (IQR), scores] | 2.0 (2.0, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 0.004 | 2.0 (2.0, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.001 |
| Vision, [median (IQR), scores] | 0.5 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.5 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.300 | 0.5 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.5 (0.5, 1.0) | <0.001 |
| Hearing, [median (IQR), scores] | 0.5 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.5 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.283 | 1.0 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.5 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.004 |
Significance difference P < 0.05 was shown in bold. BMI, body mass index; CIRS-G, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics; IC, intrinsic capacity; IQR, inter-quartile range.