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. 2023 Oct 25;290(2009):20231686. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1686

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© 2023 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 3. — Spatio-temporal patterns of galr2a expression differ among SSI species at 2 dpf. Representative images of Galr2a (green) and Tpm3b (magenta) expression revealed by hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and DAPI nuclear staining (grey) in the: (a) molluscivore, C. brontotheroides; (b) generalist, C. variegatus; and (c) scale-eater, C. desquamator. (d) Galr2a reads per kilobase of transcript per million reads (RPKM) from an existing mRNAseq study sampling the entire head of each species at four developmental stages [81]. Galr2a showed significantly higher expression in the molluscivore relative to generalists (p = 0.003, Tukey's HSD test) and scale-eaters (p = 0.014, Tukey's HSD test) at 2 days post fertilization (dpf). (e) Mean fluorescence per area for galr2a quantified at 2 dpf in all three species showed similarly elevated levels of expression in the molluscivore for the mandibular and pharyngeal arches. Images shown are representative Z-stack maximum projection images of 30 optical sections taken every 3 µm from whole-mounted embryos imaged using a Zeiss LSM880 laser confocal microscope. PA: pharyngeal arches, PE: pharyngeal endoderm, ManM: mandibular mesenchyme, MLF: medial longitudinal fasciculus, PTe: posterior tectum, Di: diencephalon; Mb: midbrain, Hb: hindbrain, Y: yolk, Myo: somitic myofibers, IO: inferior oblique muscle.