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. 2023 Sep 30;102(12):103155. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103155

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© 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Effects of saikosaponin a on the composition of gut microbiota in laying hens (n = 6). (A) Microbiota composition at the phylum level. (B) Relative abundance of major bacteria at the phylum level. (C) Microbiota composition at the family level. (D) Relative abundance of major bacteria at the genus level. ^a,bDifferent letters represent significant differences (P < 0.05). CON, control group; HELP, high-energy and low-protein diet group; HELP + SSa, high-energy and low-protein with saikosaponin a group.