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. 2023 Sep 30;102(12):103155. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103155

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© 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Effects of saikosaponin a on the composition of bile acids (BAs) in laying hens (n = 6). (A) BAs principal component analysis (PCA) plot; (B) Total BAs content levels, the conjugated/unconjugated BA ratio and primary/secondary BA ratio; (C) The composition of ileal conjugated BAS, unconjugated BAs, primary BAs, and secondary BAs; (D) Some conjugated BA monomer contents in ileal contents; (E) Some unconjugated BA monomer contents in ileal contents. ^{a, b}Different letters represent significant differences (P < 0.05). CON, control group; HELP, high-energy and low-protein diet group; HELP + SSa, high-energy and low-protein with saikosaponin a group; THDCA, taurohyodeoxycholic acid; THCA, taurohyocholic acid; TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; TCA, taurocholic acid; T-α-MCA, tauro-alpha-muricholic acid; 7-ketoLCA, 7-ketolithocholic acid; NorCA, 23-norcholic acid; HDCA, hyodeoxycholic acid; alloLCA, allolithocholic acid; LCA-S, lithocholic acid 3-sulfate; DCA, deoxycholic acid; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; CA, cholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; 3-DHCA, 3-dehydrocholic acid; HCA, hyocholic acid; α-MCA, alpha-muricholic acid.