fluorescent probes |
probe dependent |
aqueous media |
tunable
emission wavelengths |
selectivity, rate dependent on
sensing chemistry |
|
|
biological fluids |
compatible with live cells
and tissues |
signal accumulation measurements |
|
|
cell and tissue culture |
subcellular targeting |
difficult for quantification |
|
|
in vivo applications |
different detection methods available |
not reversible |
methylene blue (MB) |
∼2 μM |
aqueous media |
simple, high-throughput method |
limited detection range |
|
|
biological fluids |
low-cost reagents
and instrumentation |
extracts acid-labile sulfide |
|
|
cell lysates |
adaptable to different applications |
potential
bleaching by ros |
|
|
|
relatively short analysis time |
does
not provide real-time measurement |
monobromobimane
(mBB) |
∼2 nM |
aqueous media |
high sensitivity |
strict sample preparation and
storage needs |
|
|
biological fluids |
separation of labile sulfide pools |
expensive reagents |
|
|
cell lysates |
stable trapped sulfide
product |
does not provide real-time measurement |
|
|
|
use
with complex biological samples |
time required for sample
analysis |
electrode |
5–300
nM |
aqueous media |
real-time measurement |
frequent calibration required |
|
|
biological fluids |
reversible responses |
sensitive to solution components |
|
|
cell lysates |
simple experimental
setup |
reproducibility across devices |
|
|
|
high sensitivity |
electrode lifetime |