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. 2023 Oct 11;14:1224318. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1224318
A. Pekkinen et al. (4)
Family Family 1 Family 2 Family 3 Family 4
Relationship Index Father Father´s mother Index Index Sister Brother Mother Mother´s mother Index
Path. variant p.Arg50* p.Arg50* p.Arg50* p.Arg50*
Sex Female Male Female Male Female Female Male Female Female Female
Age (yrs) 22 59 85 (dec) 27 9 12 4 37 60 6
Ethnicity Finnish Finnish Caucasian (USA) N. European
Height (SD) +0.4 −0.1 N/A −1.1 −2.7 −2 −3.2 −1.6 −0.2 −0.8
Peripheral fx 6 >9 >14 9 0 1 0 2 15 6
Spinal fx Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
BMD Z score −1.4 (at 12 yrs, BT) −1.9 (at 48 yrs, BT) N/A −3.4 (at 15 yrs, BT) −5.3 (at 5 yrs) −5.2 (at 8 yrs) −5.8 (at 4 yrs) −3.8 (at 34 yrs) N/A −15.5 (at 5 yrs, BT)
Skeletal dysplasia Mild scoliosis Mild scoliosis Mild scoliosis Mild scoliosis Mild scoliosis None None None None None
Skull findings Few sclerotic lesions Multiple sclerotic lesions Irregular diffuse thickening One sclerotic lesion Normal Few sclerotic lesions Normal Normal Sclerotic lesions Normal
Feature of ocular and auditory systems Congenital glaucoma Oculomotorius, and trochlearis paresis Glaucoma, oculomotorius, and abducens paresis None None None None None None Mild myopia
Others Pain and swelling in knee and ankle joints Chronic duodenal inflammation, abdominal pain, sleep apnea Diverticulosis, peptic ulcers, atherosclerosis, asthma, hypertension, chronic atrial fibrillation Mild facial dysmorphia; low nasal bridge, midfacial hypoplasia, colitis Upper thoracic syringohydro-myelia None None None Constipation, bone pain (arms), joint pain (ankles and knees) None