Table 3.

Perspectives around benefits and/or concerns with ORBB

Themes	Total	APPs	MDs	RNs	Other	Example statements
OR Black Boxes (ORBB) benefit(s)
Quality improvement	20	2	4	10	2	“Learning from emergency situations and ability to see how we can improve. esp. in terms of communication.”
Patient safety	15	1	2	10	0	“It (ORBB) enhances patient safety measures.”
Objective case review	13	3	5	5	2	“Objective documentation of exactly what was and was not said as well as documentation of events.”
Teamwork	7	2	1	4	0
Communication	4	0	1	4	0
Learning	3	1	1	2	0
Process improvement	3	0	1	1	0
Performance	2	0	1	1	0
Compliance	1	0	0	0	1
Data	1	0	0	1	0
Handoffs	1	0	0	1	0
Metrics	1	0	1	0	0
ORBB concern(s)
Psychological safety	21	3	15	2	1	“It removes all trust and team building in an operating room. It is a punitive measure that discourages open communication and improvement in patient care.”
Privacy	16	3	9	4	0	“There is a significant concern for privacy, both from the perspective of constantly being video recorded and from the perspective of the safety of recorded data in the age of constant malware attacks on healthcare” institutions and their data centers
Loss of trust	9	1	8	0	0	“I’m concerned the black box data will be used for punitive purposes or to scrutinize interpersonal communication instead of being used to improve safety.”
Data security	5	0	4	1	0
Legal	4	0	4	0	0
Confidentiality	2	2	0	0	0
Impedes teamwork	1	1	0	0	0
Stigma	1	0	1	0	0
Anxiety	1	1	0	0	0
Morale	1	0	1	0	0
Patient safety	1	0	1	0	0
Consent	1	0	0	1	0
Technology	1	0	0	0	1

Themes are in order by frequency, with the most frequent responses listed first. Subsequently, for frequencies that appear more than once, themes are arranged alphabetically to provide a clearer presentation of the data. Bold text in row highlights the top three most common themes across all professions. Respondents’ statements provided on the most common themes