Table 3.
Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) of the identified cMetS-S trajectory patterns for incidence type 2 diabetes mellitus in normoglycemic and prediabetic individuals
| Events | IR (95% CI)a | HR (95% CI) | Test PH p-valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
| Normoglycemic subjects at baseline (n = 3260) | |||||||
| Class 1 (n = 867) | 15 | 2.1 (1.2–3.4) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | – |
| Class 2 (n = 1558) | 83 | 6.1 (4.9–7.6) | 2.67 (1.53–4.68) | 2.64 (1.51–4.62) | 2.39 (1.36–4.21) | 2.20 (1.25–3.88) | 0.41 |
| Class 3 (n = 835) | 159 | 20.1 (17.2–23.4) | 9.46 5.44–16.43) | 9.24 (5.31–16.07) | 7.93(4.51–13.94) | 7.12 (6.05–12.52) | 0.78 |
| Prediabetic subjects at baseline (n = 671) | |||||||
| Class 1 (n = 64) | 16 | 15.6 (9.6–25.5) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | – |
| Class 2 (n = 307) | 94 | 37.8 (30.9–46.3) | 2.54 (1.46–4.41) | 2.51 (1.45–4.37) | 2.60 (1.50–4.52) | 2.53 (1.46–4.66) | 0.09 |
| Class 3 (n = 300) | 105 | 60.6 (50.1–73.4) | 4.04 (2.32–7.03) | 3.74 (2.13–6.56) | 3.99 (2.27–7.00) | 3.78 (2.15–6.65) | 0.14 |
Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, education, DM family history
Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, education, DM family history, physical activity, obesity, antihypertensive drug use, lipid-lowering drug use
Model 4: Adjusted for age, sex, education, DM family history, physical activity, obesity, antihypertensive drug use, lipid-lowering drug use. and fasting plasma glucose
The population was classified into three trajectory classes using latent class analysis, including trajectories of low (class 1), medium (class 2), and high (class 3) cMetS-S
CMetS-S, continuous metabolic syndrome severity score; PH, proportional-hazards assumption
aIR Incidence rate per 1,000 person-years
bThe proportional hazards assumption was tested based on Schoenfeld residuals. There is no evidence that proportional-hazards assumption has been violated (p > 0.5). In the fully adjusted model (model 4), the p-value of the proportional hazards assumption of the global test in normoglycemic and prediabetic subjects at baseline is equal to 0.18 and 0.56, respectively