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. 2023 Oct 24;23:364. doi: 10.1186/s12876-023-02997-9

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of patients stratified by sex and menopause

1. Men (n = 355) 2. Pre-menopausal women (n = 417) 3. Post-menopausal women (n = 108) P valuea Post-hocb
1 vs. 2 1 vs. 3 2 vs. 3
Demographic parameter
Age (year) 39 (31, 49) 33 (28, 38) 57 (53, 63) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Body parameters
BMI (kg/m2) 29.5 (26.1, 33.1) 30.1 (27.0, 32.9) 25.4 (22.95, 28.45) <0.001 1.000 <0.001 <0.001
WC (cm) 100.5 (91.4, 112.1) 98.0 (90.4, 106.5) 86.7 (80.55, 94.55) <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001
PBF (%) 31.5 (27.3, 35.9) 41.0 (36.9, 44.5) 37.5 (33.5, 39.8) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
VFA (cm2) 120.0 (90.4, 161.5) 160.1 (126.8, 188.7) 121.0 (100.1, 143.9) <0.001 <0.001 1.000 <0.001
ASM (kg) 33.3 (29.8, 37.5) 25.2 (22.8, 27.7) 21.2 (19.3, 23.3) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
ASMI (kg/m²) 8.6 (7.9, 9.3) 7.3 (6.8, 7.9) 6.4 (5.9, 6.9) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
FM (kg) 27.6 (20.7, 35.4) 31.9 (26.0, 37.9) 22.9 (19.3, 27.7) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
FFM (kg) 59.1 (53.2, 66.5) 45.8 (41.8, 50.2) 39.5 (36.2, 43.0) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
FFM/FM 2.18 (1.79, 2.66) 1.44 (1.25, 1.71) 1.66 (1.51, 1.99) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.004
Biochemical parameters
ALT (U/L) 36 (22, 61) 24 (15, 41) 20 (15, 32) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.024
AST (U/L) 23 (18, 35) 19 (15, 26) 20 (17, 26) 0.001 0.016 0.005 0.516
AKP (U/L) 80 (67, 99) 75 (62, 88) 86 (76, 101) <0.001 <0.001 0.101 <0.001
GGT (U/L) 41 (25, 66) 26 (17, 42) 21 (16, 35) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.000
FBG (mmol/L) 5.89 (5.52, 7.41) 5.30 (4.95, 5.85) 6.68 (5.68, 8.03) <0.001 <0.001 0.365 <0.001
FINS (µIU/mL) 10.28 (6.57, 16.69) 12.18 (7.89, 18.84) 7.02 (4.59, 10.75) <0.001 0.592 <0.001 <0.001
HOMA-IR 2.94 (1.85, 4.65) 2.95 (1.90, 4.84) 1.98 (1.34, 3.21) 0.062
TG (mmol/L) 2.01 (1.30, 2.91) 1.36 (0.98, 2.00) 1.54 (1.08, 2.09) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.000
TC (mmol/L) 4.99 (4.42, 5.71) 4.93 (4.43, 5.58) 5.37 (4.36, 5.90) 0.236
HDL (mmol/L) 1.23 (1.08, 1.42) 1.39 (1.22, 1.54) 1.49 (1.34, 1.74) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
LDL (mmol/L) 3.10 (2.62, 3.64) 3.01 (2.54, 3.49) 3.04 (2.37, 3.66) 0.172
Concomitant diseases
T2DM 239 (67.3) 156 (37.4) 92 (85.2) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Dyslipidemia 180 (50.7) 115 (27.6) 36 (33.3) <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.239
Fibroscan
CAP (dB/m) 313 (263, 344) 296 (250, 332) 267 (231, 306) <0.001 0.003 <0.001 <0.001
E (kPa) 6.3 (4.9, 8.1) 5.3 (4.3, 6.9) 5.3 (4.2, 6.4) <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.953
Steatosis <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Grade 0 99 (27.9) 147 (35.3) 55 (50.9)
Grade 1 26 (7.3) 32 (7.7) 17 (15.7)
Grade 2 52 (14.7) 95 (22.8) 16 (14.8)
Grade 3 178 (50.1) 143 (34.3) 20 (18.5)
Fibrosis <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.179
Stage 0 200 (56.34) 302 (72.4) 84 (77.8)
Stage 1 43 (12.11) 40 (9.6) 9 (8.3)
Stage 2 60 (16.90) 46 (11.0) 10 (9.3)
Stage 3 37 (10.42) 18 (4.3) 4 (3.7)
Stage 4 15 (4.23) 11 (2.6) 1 (0.9)

Values are presented as the median (interquartile range) or frequency (percentage)

BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; PBF: percent body fat; VFA: visceral fat area; ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass; ASMI: appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat free mass; FFM/FM: fat free mass to fat mass ratio; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; AKP: alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ­glutamyl transferase; FBG: fasting blood glucose; FINS: fasting insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; CAP: controlled attenuation parameter; E: elasticity

(a) P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant; (b) For multiple testing of post hoc analyses, p < 0.0167 (0.05/3) was considered statistically significant