Skip to main content
. 2023 Oct 24;23:690. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04411-1

Table 2.

Unadjusted Happiness Linear Regression Models

Variables B Std. Error Beta p
Age (years) (Reference group: 60–64)
 65–69 − 0.080 0.128 − 0.021 0.531
 70–74 0.321 0.136 0.078 0.019
 75 or over 0.292 0.143 0.066 0.042
Sex (Reference group: male)
 Female 0.011 0.099 0.003 0.912
Marital status (Reference group: single)
 Married 0.196 0.277 0.053 0.480
 Widowed/divorced/separated 0.082 0.286 0.022 0.774
Educational attainment (Reference group: below primary)
 Primary − 0.003 0.133 − 0.001 0.982
 Secondary 0.369 0.184 0.070 0.045
 Post- secondary 0.846 0.252 0.106 0.001
Place of residence (Reference group: urban area
 Rural − 0.108 0.100 − 0.031 0.281
Self-rated health (Reference group: poor)
 Moderate 0.463 0.124 0.132 < 0.001
 Good/very good 0.971 0.126 0.274 < 0.001
Employment (Reference group: no paid work)
 Paid work − 0.232 0.100 − 0.067 0.020
Household chores (Reference group: no)
Yes − 0.190 0.106 − 0.052 0.072
Home gardening (Reference group: no)
 Yes 0.234 0.115 0.059 0.042
Financial satisfaction (Reference group: no)
 Less 1.043 0.117 0.305 < 0.001
 More/most satisfied 1.606 0.128 0.429 < 0.001
Having meals together with family (Never)
 Some meals − 0.053 0.107 − 0.016 0.617
 Every meal 0.391 0.151 0.081 0.010
Food insecurity (score) (Reference group: food secure (0))
 Moderate (1–3) − 0.503 0.123 − 0.117 < 0.001
 Severe (4–8) − 0.990 0.170 − 0.168 < 0.001

p – p value; B – Unstandardized coefficient; Beta – Standardized beta coefficient