Table 3.

Multiple Regression of Happiness by Socio-demographic Characteristics and Food and Health-related Behaviours

Variables	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3				Model 4
	B	Std. Error	Beta	p	B	Std. Error	Beta	p	B	Std. Error	Beta	p	B	Std. Error	Beta	p
Age (years) (Reference group:60–64)
65–69	− 0.043	0.127	− 0.011	0.736	− 0.001	0.124	0.000	0.993	− 0.030	0.124	− 0.008	0.808	− 0.054	0.119	− 0.014	0.650
70–74	0.380	0.137	0.092	0.005	0.467	0.133	0.113	< 0.001	0.384	0.135	0.093	0.005	0.212	0.130	0.051	0.104
75 or over	0.423	0.148	0.096	0.004	0.571	0.145	0.130	< 0.001	0.427	0.152	0.097	0.005	0.323	0.146	0.074	0.027
Sex (Reference group: male)
Female	0.150	0.107	0.044	0.161	0.244	0.105	0.071	0.020	0.262	0.109	0.076	0.017	0.181	0.105	0.053	0.084
Marital status (Reference group: single)
Married	0.546	0.283	0.149	0.054	0.517	0.275	0.141	0.061	0.510	0.274	0.139	0.063	0.418	0.264	0.114	0.113
Widowed/divorced/separated	0.337	0.288	0.089	0.242	0.318	0.280	0.084	0.257	0.300	0.279	0.080	0.283	0.327	0.266	0.087	0.219
Education attainment (school) (Reference group: below primary)
Primary	0.055	0.133	0.015	0.681	− 0.039	0.130	− 0.011	0.763	0.032	0.131	0.009	0.809	0.081	0.126	0.022	0.520
Secondary	0.489	0.190	0.093	0.010	0.374	0.185	0.071	0.044	0.406	0.185	0.077	0.029	0.324	0.177	0.062	0.068
Post-secondary	0.956	0.257	0.120	< 0.001	0.815	0.251	0.102	0.001	0.803	0.253	0.101	0.002	0.458	0.244	0.058	0.061
Place of residence (Reference group: urban area)
Rural	− 0.055	0.100	− 0.016	0.585	− 0.077	0.097	− 0.022	0.430	− 0.094	0.098	− 0.027	0.339	− 0.038	0.093	− 0.011	0.687
Health:
Self-rated health (Reference group: poor)
Moderate					0.460	0.123	0.132	< 0.001	0.505	0.123	0.144	< 0.001	0.353	0.119	0.101	0.003
Good/very good					1.040	0.127	0.293	< 0.001	1.100	0.129	0.310	< 0.001	0.883	0.124	0.249	< 0.001
Participation:
Paid employment (Reference group: no)
Yes									− 0.238	0.108	− 0.069	0.027	− 0.190	0.103	− 0.055	0.065
Household chores (Reference group: no)
Yes									− 0.247	0.109	− 0.067	0.023	− 0.208	0.104	− 0.057	0.045
Home gardening (Reference group: no)
Yes									0.262	0.114	0.066	0.022	0.244	0.110	0.061	0.027
Security:
Satisfaction with financial situation (Reference group: not at all satisfied)
Less satisfied													0.846	0.119	0.247	< 0.001
More/most satisfied													1.293	0.134	0.345	< 0.001
Having meals with family member(s) (Reference group: never)
At least one meal a day													− 0.079	0.102	− 0.023	0.441
Every meal													0.344	0.145	0.071	0.018
Food insecurity (score) (Reference group: secure (0))
Moderate insecurity (1–3)													− 0.117	0.120	− 0.027	0.328
Severe insecurity (4–8)													− 0.437	0.164	− 0.074	0.008
(Constant)	6.796	0.337		0.000	6.249	0.337		0.000	6.428	0.343		0.000	5.920	0.341		0.000
Adjusted R Square	0.024				0.076				0.085				0.175

p – p value

B – Unstandardized coefficient

Beta – Standardized beta coefficient