Table 2.
Researched Antimicrobial Agents for Potential Wound Healing Combined with Three-Dimensional Printed Cellulose in a Wound Dressing Application
| Antimicrobial agent | Microbial target | Effect | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grapefruit seed extract nanoparticles | S. aureus, E. coli | It shows excellent against E. coli compared to S. aureus and has potential for wound healing applications. | 89 |
| AMP (AMP Tet213) | E. coli, MRSA, S. aureus | Has antimicrobial activity in reducing the growth of these microbes. | 90 |
| Curcumin | — | Shows higher antimicrobial activity and the most massive reduction in bacterial colonies than composites without the addition of curcumin. | 91 |
| CCPs | S. aureus, E. coli | The combination of CCPs further enhances wound healing and antimicrobial activity. | 92 |
| Nanosilver | S. aureus, E. coli | It is bactericidal against S. aureus and E. coli and has a good blood clotting ability for wound healing applications. | 93 |
| Polyhexamethylene biguanide | — | A controlled diffusion membrane provides a long-term antimicrobial effect for wound healing. | 94 |
| Nanosilver | — | Superior properties and synergistic antibacterial effect by combining chitosan with silver nanoparticle. | 95 |
| Silver | P. aeruginosa, S. aureus | The silver-containing composites showed more significant bactericidal activity, consistently achieving complete killings for P. aeruginosa and >99.99% kill for S. aureus. | 96 |
| Silver sulfadiazine | P. aeruginosa, S. aureus | Polyelectrolyte complex wound dressings containing silver sulfadiazine can protect the wound surface from bacterial invasion and effectively suppress bacterial proliferation. | 97 |
| Silver sulfadiazine | P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus | The silver sulfadiazine showed bacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus through disc diffusion testing. | 98 |
| Silver nanoparticle | P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli, MRSA | The silver nanoparticle was most potent against P. aeruginosa, followed by S. aureus, E. coli, and MRSA. | 99 |
| Polyethylenimine | S. aureus, P. aeruginosa | The material has vigorous activity with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. | 100 |
| Ciprofloxacin HCl | E. coli K12-MG1655, S. typhimurium, V. vulnificus CMCP6, S. aureus ATCC 25923, B. subtilis | Shows good bactericidal against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | 101 |
| Amoxicillin | S. aureus, E. coli | Shows effective antibacterial performance. | 102 |
| Honey | S. aureus, E. coli | Disc diffusion and dynamic contact tests proved the nanofibers' antibacterial activity loaded with honey against these two bacteria. | 103 |
| Elicriso italic, chamomile blue, cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon oils | E. coli, C. albicans | The essential oil-enriched alginate film resists microbial growth for applying wound dressings, protection, and disinfection of medical devices. | 104 |
| Copper nanoparticles | A. baumannii | It has antimicrobial properties through processes that may be associated with contact killing. | 105 |
| Copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass | E. coli | Nanocellulose and copper composites showed an inhibitory effect on E. coli. | 106 |
| Au nanoclusters | E. coli, S. mutans | Au and nanocellulose films showed high antibacterial in E. coli and S. mutans in vitro and in vivo to promote healing of chronically infected wounds. | 107 |
| Tannic acid, MgCl2 | S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa | Tannic acid, MgCl2, and bacterial cellulose composites showed potent against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, reducing the formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms after 24 h of incubation by 80% and ∼87%, respectively. | 108 |
| Deacetylated acemannan extracted from Aloe vera leaves. | S. aureus, E. coli | The cotton cellulose dressing and aloe vera extract showed significant inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. coli at 70.2% and 72.4%, respectively. | 109 |
| Coffee | MRSA | Powder robusta coffee has a strong inhibition zone. | 110 |
| Zinc oxide | E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, C. freundii | Cellulose-zinc oxide bacterial nanocomposites each showed inhibitory activity against E. coli (90%), P. aeruginosa (87.4%), S. aureus (94.3%), and C. freundii (90.9%). | 111 |
AMP, antimicrobial peptides; CCPs, cyclodextrin/propolis extract inclusion complexes; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus.