Table 1. Sample characteristics, Bachpan Cohort, Pakistan, n = 877.

		Mean or N	SD or %	Range
Maternal characteristics (baseline)
Maternal age		26.60	4.29	18–45
Maternal education
	None	124	13.60
	Primary or middle school	338	36.27
	Secondary school or higher	413	50.14
Natal family history of mental illness		95	8.93
Depression diagnosis (SCID)		314	27.56
Household characteristics (baseline)
People per room		2.37	1.87	0–23
Nuclear family (vs. joint or extended)		111	13.16
Grandmother coresidence		609	68.29
Trial arm: Intervention (vs. control)		426	51.68
Household assets*
	Lowest	165	17.58
	Lower middle	176	18.37
	Middle	184	19.68
	Upper middle	173	21.99
	Highest	177	22.38
Child characteristics (36 months)
	Age (months)	36.3	0.60
	Gender: Female	432	48.37
	Length-for-age z-score	-0.99	1.10	-4.59–2.87
	Weight-for-age z-score	-0.96	0.99	-4.64–4.23
	Weight-for-height z-score	-0.61	1.12	-5.08–5.65
	BSITD receptive language scaled score	10.43	2.79	5–19
	BSITD fine motor scaled score	11.45	4.03	2–19
	ASQ-SE total score	38.83	17.03	10–170
	SDQ total difficulties score	14.02	6.30	3–34

* Sampling probability and inverse probability weights were used to calculate means, SDs, and percentages.

Abbreviations: Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSITD); Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Socioemotional (ASQ-SE); Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)

* Principal components analysis was used to create an asset index and then operationalized as quintiles.