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. 2023 Oct 25;14:6537. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42077-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a–d Upper traces, averaged pre-processed electromyography (EMG) traces for the extensor digitorum-2,3 (ED23) in the extension trials (top) and the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) in the flexion trials (middle), and smoothed torque traces (bottom) from 30 successful extension (blue) and flexion (red) trials. Lower traces, average (n = 77 ADVs, circles and lines) and 95% confidence interval (shaded area) of normalized ADV area. P values are from two-tailed t-test compared with 0 (Rest) using Bonferroni’s correction (correction size = 11). Dotted lines indicate events for data alignment: onset of EMG burst (a), onset of torque (b), offset of EMG burst (c), and offset of wrist torque (d). Source data are provided as a Source data file.