Table 1.
Characteristics of the included individuals at baseline
| ARIC | EPIC-NL | HNR | MESA | UK Biobank | CPRD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 8796 | n = 28 099 | n = 3679 | n = 5670 | n = 363 513 | n = 518 015 | |
| Male sex | 3633 (41%) | 5569 (20%) | 1674 (46%) | 2646 (47%) | 158 190 (44%) | 260 424 (50%) |
| Age (years) | 63 ± 6 | 54 ± 7 | 59 ± 8 | 61 ± 10 | 58 ± 7 | 49 ± 9 |
| Former smoker | 3684 (42%) | 9709 (35%) | 1193 (32%) | 2066 (36%) | 178 466 (49%) | 126 207 (26%) |
| Current smoker | 1310 (15%) | 7908 (28%) | 850 (23%) | 764 (13%) | 36 177 (10%) | 119 246 (24%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.1 ± 5.0 | 26.0 ± 3.9 | 27.4 ± 4.3 | 28.0 ± 5.1 | 27.1 ± 4.6 | 25.9 ± 5.0 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126 ± 18 | 129 ± 19 | 131 ± 20 | 125 ± 20 | 139 ± 19 | 130 ± 17 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.2 (4.6–5.8) | 5.7 (5.1–6.4) | 6.0 (5.3–6.6) | 5.0 (4.4–5.6) | 5.8 (5.1–6.6) | 5.3 (4.7–6.1) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.2 (2.6–3.7) | 2.9 (2.4–3.5)a | 3.8 (3.2–4.4) | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | 3.6 (3.1–4.2) | — |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | — | 1.2 (0.9–1.8)a | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | — |
| Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 87 ± 15 | 101 ± 12a | 80 ± 14 | 78 ± 15 | 98 ± 12 | 77 ± 13 |
| Ankle–brachial index <0.9 | 511 (6%) | — | — | 156 (3%) | — | 23 (12%) |
| CAC percentile | — | — | 55 (35–80) | 42 (31–72) | — | — |
| Carotid stenosis >25% | — | — | 53 (1%) | 646 (11%) | — | — |
| cIMT (mm) | — | — | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | — | — |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.1 (1.0–4.6) | 1.2 (0.6–2.4)a | 1.3 (0.7–2.8) | 1.8 (0.8–3.9) | 1.3 (0.7–2.7) | 3.0 (1.2–5.0) |
| Gestational hypertension | — | 5252 (19%) | — | — | 563 (0%) | 1635 (0%) |
| Parental history of myocardial infarction | 903 (10%) | 4088 (15%) | 345 (9%) | 603 (11%) | — | — |
| History of cancer | — | 1448 (5%) | 257 (7%) | 316 (6%) | 30 800 (8%) | 26 465 (5%) |
| History of inflammatory disease | — | — | 290 (8%) | — | — | — |
| Lp(a) (mg/dL) | — | — | 5 (5–23) | — | 9 (4–34) | — |
| Lower education | 1454 (17%) | 12 443 (44%) | 38 (1%) | 899 (16%) | 482 (0%) | — |
| Albuminuria >30 mg/g | 435 (5%) | — | — | 356 (6%) | 26 247 (7%) | 1538 (24%) |
| Number of drugs (n) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | — | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) |
| NT-ProBNP (pg/mL) | 66 (33–123) | — | 67 (38–120) | 51 (23–101) | — | — |
| hs-Troponin-T (pg/mL) | 4.0 (3.0–7.0) | — | — | 4.1 (3.0–6.7) | — | — |
n (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range; IQR). Additional risk modifiers in CPRD were not imputed and shown here as percentage of available cases only.
GFR, glomerular filtration rate [calculated with Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKDEPI) 2009 formula]; CAC, coronary artery calcium score percentile; cIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
Only measured in 6% random sample.