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. 2023 Oct 12;17:1251575. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1251575

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Copyright © 2023 Williams, Robertson, Wedderburn, Ringshaw, Bradford, Nyakonda, Hoffman, Joshi, Zar, Stein and Donald.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Plots (showing median and IQR) of brain metabolite differences between CHEU and CHU. (A) Relative glutamate concentrations (98 CHU, 40 CHEU) in parietal gray matter. (B) Absolute glutamate concentrations (98 CHU, 40 CHEU) in parietal gray matter. (C) Relative total choline (84 CHU, 25 CHEU) in parietal white matter. Glu, glutamate; Cr+PCr, total creatine (creatine +phosphocreatine) GPC+PCh, total choline (glycerophosphocholine +phosphocholine); CHU, children who are HIV unexposed; CHEU, children who are HIV exposed. Outliers removed from the analysis are data points located outside of the lower and upper limits of the boxplots.