Table 1.

Transcription factors of direct reprogramming from somatic stem cells to generate iSCs precursors and mature iSCs.

Somatic cells	Transcription factors	Growth factors	System used	Positive cells converted	Functional experiments	Reference
Mouse, rat, human fibroblast	Sox10, Krox20	Forskolin, NGF1	Doxycycline-inducible vectors lentivirus	12-5% S100/O4 positive cells	iSCs co-cultured with mouse DRG	Mazzara et al. (2017)
Human skin fibroblast	Sox10, Krox20, Oct6, Klf4, Oct4, c-Myc	Forskolin, HRG-b1, NGF1	Retrovirus vectors	43% of SCs	iSCs co-cultured with mouse DRG or NG108-15 cells. iSCs successfully transplanted in vivo. Sciatic nerve innervation	Sowa et al. (2017)
Human skin fibroblast	Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, L-Myc, Lin28, p53 shRNA	NGF1, PDGF-BB	Episomal vectors	95% Sox10 positive population	iSCs co-cultured with mouse DRG or human iPSC-derived sensory neurons. Reinnervation in vivo	Hörner et al. (2022)