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. 2023 Sep 1;85(10):1121–1130. doi: 10.1292/jvms.23-0255

Table 1. Summary of the tested specimens.

Order Scientific name Species (Common name) Tested lymphoid tissues No. of tested birds Case condition
Struthioniformes (Ostriches) Struthio camelus Common ostrich S 3 A, U

Galliformes (Landfowls) Gallus gallus var. domesticus Chicken S 3 A
Chrysolophus pictus Golden pheasant S 1 D
Pavo sp. Peafowl S 1 D
Meleagris gallopavo Turkey S 1 A
Coturnix japonica Japanese quail S 1 U
Lagopus muta hyperborea Svalbard rock ptarmigan S 1 D
Numida meleagris Helmeted guineafowl S 3 U

Anseriformes (Waterfowls) a Hybrid duck B, GALT, S 2 A
Anas platyrhynchos Mallard S 1 D
Anas crecca Common teal C 1 D
Anas acuta Northern pintail S 1 D
Sibirionetta formosa Baikal teal E 1 D
Aythya ferina Common pochard C, S 2 D
Aythya fuligula Tufted duck GALT 1 D
Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy shelduck S 1 D
Anser anser var. domesticus Goose B, S 2 A
Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan S 2 D
Cygnus olor Mute swan S 2 D, U
Cygnus atratus Black swan S 2 U

Podicipediformes (Grebes) Podiceps cristatus Great crested grebe S 1 D

Columbiformes (Doves) Columba livia Rock dove C, S 2 A
Streptopelia orientalis Oriental turtle-dove S 2 D

Sphenisciformes (Penguins) Spheniscus humboldti Humboldt penguin BALT 1 D
Spheniscus magellanicus Magellanic penguin E, S 3 D

Suliformes (Cormorants) Phalacrocorax carbo Great cormorant S 2 D
Phalacrocorax capillatus Japanese cormorant S 2 D

Pelecaniformes (Pelicans) Nipponia nippon Asian crested ibis S 1 D
Ardea intermedia Intermediate egret BALT 1 D
Pelecanus sp. Pelican S 1 U

Gruiformes (Cranes) Fulica atra Common coot S 2 U

Charadriiformes (Plovers) Himantopus himantopus mexicanus Black-necked stilt S 2 U
Larus ridibundus Black-headed gull B, C, GALT 2 D
Fratercula cirrhata Tufted puffin S 1 D
Synthliboramphus antiquus Ancient murrelet S 2 D

Accipitriformes (Eagles and New world vultures) b Hybrid hawk S 1 D
Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed sea-eagle S 1 D
Buteo japonicus Japanese buzzard S 1 D
Parabuteo unicinctus Harris’s hawk S 1 D

Strigiformes (Owls) Bubo scandiacus Snowy owl S 1 D
c Owl S 2 D

Falconiformes (Falcons) Falco tinnunculus Common kestrel E 1 D

Psittaciformes (Parrots) Ara ararauna Blue-and-yellow macaw S 1 D
Melopsittacus undulatus Budgerigar S 2 D
Agapornis lilianae Nyasa lovebird S 1 D
Alisterus scapularis Australian king-parrot S 1 D
Psittacus erithacus Grey parrot E 1 D
Cacatua alba White cockatoo S 1 D
Cacatua goffiniana Tanimbar corella S 1 D

Passeriformes (Oscines) Corvus sp.d Crow S 3 D
Passer montanus Eurasian tree sparrow C, S 2 A
Hypsipetes amaurotis Brown-eared bulbul S 3 D
Spodiopsar cineraceus White-cheeked starling S 1 D

A, autopsy case; B, bursa of Fabricius; BALT, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue; C, cecal tonsil; D, death case; E, ectopic lymphoid aggregate in the liver or kidney; GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue; S, spleen; U, case of unknown autopsy or death. aHybrid offspring of a male hybrid duck (Anas zonorhyncha × Anas platyrhynchos) and a female duck (Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus). bNorthern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) × Black sparrowhawk (Accipiter melanoleucus). cDetails are unknown. dCarrion crow (Corvus corone) or Large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos).