Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics
| Baseline | Follow-up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FEP | HCs | Statistics | FEP | HCs | Statistics | |
| Number of participantsa: N (F/M) | 49 (29/31) | 50 (31/19) | χ2 = 0.08, p = 0.77 | 29 (16/13) | 49 (31/18) | χ2 = 0.50, p = 0.48 |
| Age ± s.d., years | 22.6 ± 5.2 | 22.3 ± 4.4 | T(105) = 0.37, p = 0.71 | |||
| Parental socioeconomic status (high/moderate/low/missing) | 13/29/6/1 | 17/29/4/0 | Fisher's p = 0.66 | |||
| Education ± s.d., years | 12.1 ± 2.2 | 14.1 ± 2.5 | T(97) = −4.16, p < 0.001 | |||
| Ethnicity (n) White/Asian/Middle east | 46/2/1 | 50/0/0 | ||||
| Duration of untreated psychosis, Median (25–75th percentile) in weeks | 26.0 (12.5–117.0) | |||||
| Current tobacco use, yes/no/missing | 18/31 | 4/46 | χ2 = 11.82, p < 0.001 | 11/18/0 | 7/41/1 | χ2 = 5.50, p = 0.019 |
| Current cannabis use, yes/no/missing | 3/46/0 | 2/43/0 | Fisher's p = 0.68 | 0/29/0 | 0/42/7 | NA |
| PANSS Positive, mean ± s.d. (% decrease)b | 18.6 ± 4.4 | – | 13.3 ± 4.5 (42.2 ± 31.9%) | – | T(28) = 7.81, p < 0.001c | |
| PANSS Negative, mean ± s.d. (% decrease)b | 19.6 ± 5.5 | – | 17.3 ± 5.7 (14.1 ± 72.8%) | – | T(28) = 3.21, p = 0.003c | |
| PANSS General, mean ± s.d. (% decrease)b | 36.6 ± 7.4 | – | 29.2 ± 7.0 (31.4 ± 35.1%) | – | T(28) = 6.19, p = 0.001c | |
| PANSS Total, mean ± s.d. (% decrease)b | 75.0 ± 14.5 | – | 60.3 ± 14.8 (28.2 ± 51.4%) | – | T(28) = 7.01, p < 0.001c | |
| Clinical global impression, ± s.d., (Improvement ± s.d.) | 4.3 ± 0.6 (NA) | – | 3.7 ± 0.5 (2.3 ± 0.6) | – | T(25) = 5.72, p < 0.001c | |
| PSP score, mean ± s.d. | 48.0 ± 12.6 | 89.5 ± 3.5 | T(93) = −21.48, p < 0.001 | 58.1 ± 12.5 | 90.1 ± 3.5 | T(72) = −20.95, p < 0.001 |
| Benzodiazepines (daily/per needed/no) | 1/4/44 | 0/0/50 | Fisher's p = 0.03 | 2/1/26 | 0/0/49 | Fisher's p = 0.05 |
Abbreviations: FEP, First-episode psychosis patients; HCs, Healthy controls; F, Females; M, Males; s.d., Standard deviation; PANSS, Positive and negative syndrome scale; PSP, Personal and Social Performance scale.
a
N states the number of participants with a usable pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling scan.
b
Minimum PANSS score was subtracted before calculating the percentage change.
c
Statistics represent patient values at baseline compared with follow-up after six weeks.