. 2023 Sep 8;7(1):txad109. doi: 10.1093/tas/txad109

Table 1.

Effect of ^†apple cider vinegar and or ^‡garlic extract on production performance of male and female broiler chickens

Treatments		Grower (days 15–28)				Finisher (days 29–42)				Overall (15–42 days)
Treatments		Weight gain, g per bird	Feed intake, g per bird	FCR	Mortality, %	Weight gain, g per bird	Feed intake, g per bird	FCR	Mortality, %	Weight gain, g per bird	Feed intake, g per bird	FCR	Mortality, %
Sex	Additives
Male	NC	903.33^ab	1,672.05	1.87	0.00	853.33^a	1,923.85^b	2.28	0.00	1,757.67^a	3,595.90^ab	2.06	0.00
	T1	776.67^a	1,600.00	2.10	0.00	687.67^a	1,711.28^ab	2.49	0.00	1,462.33^a	3,311.28^a	2.28	0.00
	T2	858.67^ab	1,565.90	1.84	0.00	741.00^a	1,792.56^ab	2.48	0.00	1,599.00^a	3,358.46^a	2.13	0.00
	T3	771.00^a	1,547.18	2.01	0.00	569.00^a	1,465.64^a	2.74	0.00	1,340.67^a	3,012.82^a	2.26	0.00
	PC	1,051.00^b	1,609.74	1.54	0.00	1,398.67^b	2,512.48^c	1.80	2.67	2,449.00^b	4,122.22^b	1.68	2.67
	SE	57.509	51.135	0.118	0.000	75.08	96.405	0.272	1.193	1.000	143.739	0.123	1.193
Female	NC	804.33^ab	1,457.44	1.81^b	0.00	639.00^a	1,450.51^a	2.35	0.00	1,443.33^a	2,907.95^a	2.02	0.00
	T1	722.33^a	1,474.10	2.05^b	0.00	684.33^a	1,574.62^a	2.35	0.00	1,406.33^a	3,048.72^a	2.17	0.00
	T2	681.00^a	1,403.85	2.06^b	0.00	631.00^a	1,456.56^a	2.31	2.67	1,312.00^a	2,860.41^a	2.19	2.67
	T3	746.67^a	1,464.61	1.98^b	0.00	632.33^a	1,439.74^a	2.31	0.00	1,378.67^a	2,904.36^a	2.12	0.00
	PC	1,032.00^b	1,520.77	1.48^a	0.00	1,276.67^b	2,234.10^b	1.76	0.00	2,308.67^b	3,754.87^b	2.06	0.00
	SE	54.205	73.505	0.069	0.000	70.239	66.773	0.234	1.193	77.979	134.236	0.087	1.193
Additives
	NC	853.83^a	1,564.74	1.84^b	0.00	746.17^a	1,687.18^a	2.31	0.00	1,600.00^a	3,251.92^a	2.04^ab	0.00
	T1	749.00^a	1,537.05	2.08^b	0.00	685.50^a	1,642.95^a	2.42	0.00	1,434.33^a	3,180.00^a	2.22^b	0.00
	T2	769.33^a	1,484.87	1.95^b	0.00	686.00^a	1,624.56^a	2.42	1.33	1,455.50^a	3,109.43^a	2.16^ab	1.33
	T3	758.33^a	1,505.90	1.99^b	0.00	600.67^a	1,452.69^a	2.53	0.00	1,358.67^a	2,958.59^a	2.19^b	0.00
	PC	1,041.50^b	1,565.26	1.51^a	0.00	1,336.67^b	2,373.29^b	1.78	1.33	2,378.33^b	3,938.55^b	1.87^a	1.33
	SE	39.514	44.771	0.068	0.000	51.407	58.636	0.179	0.843	63.308	98.337	0.075	0.843
Sex
	Male	871.73^b	1,598.97^b	1.867	0.00	849.53	1,881.16^b	2.36	0.53	1721.33	3,480.14^b	2.08	0.53
	Female	797.07^a	1,464.15^a	1.876	0.00	772.47	1,631.11^a	2.23	0.53	1,569.40	3,095.26^a	2.11	0.53
	SE	24.991	28.316	0.043	0.000	32.512	37.084	0.133	0.533	40.040	62.194	0.048	0.533
Significance
Additives (A)		*	NS	*	NS	*	*	NS	NS	*	*	*	NS
Sex (G)		*	*	NS	NS	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	*	NS	NS
A × G		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

NS, nonsignificant; SEM, standard error for the mean.

For each factor or combination of factors, means in the same column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different (P < 0.05).

NC—Antibiotic-free diet plus untreated drinking water.

T1—Antibiotic-free diet plus 3 mL/L ACV-treated drinking water.

T2—Antibiotic-free diet plus 2 mL/L GAE-treated drinking water.

T3—Antibiotic-free diet plus 3 mL/L ACV + 2 mL/L GAE-treated drinking water.

PC—Antibiotic (15% granular zinc bacitracin and 12% valinomycin sodium, each at 500 g/tonne)-fortified diet plus untreated drinking water.

*P < 0.05.

^†Pure, filtered garlic extract (GAE), preserved at 4 °C.

^‡4-Week fermentation of 1,000 g fresh Golden Delicious apples in 1.3 liters of water with 80 g brown sugar at room temperature, preserved at 4 °C.