TABLE 1.
Demographic information.
| Variables, n (%) a | Total | No tinnitus | Tinnitus | p value b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8609 (82.31) | 1800 (17.69) | |||
| Gender | .01 | |||
| Female | 5214 (51.30) | 4364 (52.26) | 850 (46.82) | |
| Male | 5195 (48.70) | 4245 (47.74) | 950 (53.18) | |
| Age | <.0001 | |||
| 20 ~ 29 | 1658 (18.71) | 1522 (20.89) | 136 (8.56) | |
| 30 ~ 39 | 1569 (16.81) | 1386 (17.84) | 183 (12.02) | |
| 40 ~ 49 | 1541 (18.39) | 1319 (18.92) | 222 (15.95) | |
| 50 ~ 59 | 1547 (19.04) | 1242 (17.67) | 305 (25.42) | |
| 60 ~ 69 | 1675 (15.46) | 1293 (14.03) | 382 (22.11) | |
| 70 ~ 79 | 1522 (7.92) | 1161 (7.25) | 361 (11.06) | |
| 80~ | 897 (3.66) | 686 (3.40) | 211 (4.87) | |
| Race | <.0001 | |||
| Non‐Hispanic White | 4212 (67.05) | 3307 (65.45) | 905 (74.49) | |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 2347 (11.16) | 2026 (11.83) | 321 (8.06) | |
| Mexican American | 1374 (8.08) | 1117 (8.30) | 257 (7.03) | |
| Other race | 2476 (13.71) | 2159 (14.42) | 317 (10.42) | |
| Poverty index quartiles | .96 | |||
| <1.3 | 2993 (20.13) | 2421 (21.37) | 572 (21.72) | |
| 1.3–3.5 | 3781 (34.36) | 3119 (36.59) | 662 (36.45) | |
| >3.5 | 2784 (39.46) | 2354 (42.04) | 430 (41.83) | |
| Educational level | .01 | |||
| <12th grade | 2418 (14.59) | 1930 (14.15) | 488 (16.65) | |
| 12th grade | 2329 (20.83) | 1887 (20.08) | 442 (24.33) | |
| >12th grade | 5656 (64.56) | 4787 (65.77) | 869 (59.02) | |
| Marital Status | <.0001 | |||
| Married | 5219 (54.19) | 4338 (54.29) | 881 (53.78) | |
| Living with partner | 842 (9.06) | 723 (9.46) | 119 (7.17) | |
| Separated | 349 (2.41) | 277 (2.33) | 72 (2.76) | |
| Divorced | 1078 (10.14) | 836 (9.04) | 242 (15.25) | |
| Widowed | 997 (5.41) | 773 (5.10) | 224 (6.83) | |
| Never married | 1920 (18.79) | 1660 (19.77) | 260 (14.22) | |
| Smoke status | <.001 | |||
| Never | 5785 (55.52) | 4942 (56.99) | 843 (48.78) | |
| Former | 2675 (25.15) | 2104 (24.64) | 571 (27.57) | |
| Now | 1941 (19.30) | 1557 (18.37) | 384 (23.65) | |
| Alcohol use | <.001 | |||
| Never | 1580 (10.83) | 1361 (11.34) | 219 (9.44) | |
| Former | 1683 (13.18) | 1317 (12.57) | 366 (17.16) | |
| Mild | 3490 (35.94) | 2874 (35.87) | 616 (39.47) | |
| Moderate | 1447 (17.10) | 1216 (17.92) | 231 (14.76) | |
| Heavy | 1879 (21.41) | 1581 (22.30) | 298 (19.18) | |
| Diabetes | 2164 (14.87) | 1683 (13.91) | 481 (20.20) | <.0001 |
| Hypertension | 4628 (36.61) | 3586 (33.64) | 1042 (50.45) | <.0001 |
| Body mass index c | <.0001 | |||
| Normal weight | 2980 (28.83) | 2590 (30.18) | 390 (23.69) | |
| Overweight | 3378 (32.44) | 2822 (33.15) | 556 (30.43) | |
| Obese | 3934 (38.03) | 3110 (36.67) | 824 (45.88) | |
| Subjective hearing condition | <.0001 | |||
| Excellent | 3490 (34.84) | 3209 (38.99) | 281 (15.58) | |
| Good | 4258 (41.51) | 3690 (43.54) | 568 (32.08) | |
| A little trouble | 1613 (15.50) | 1107 (12.46) | 506 (29.65) | |
| Bad | 1046 (8.13) | 602 (5.01) | 444 (22.70) | |
| Depression (PHQ ≥10) | 872 (7.81) | 581 (6.22) | 291 (15.19) | <.0001 |
| Depression severity d | <.0001 | |||
| None | 7929 (77.17) | 6803 (79.97) | 1126 (64.14) | |
| Mild | 1608 (15.02) | 1225 (13.80) | 383 (20.67) | |
| Moderate | 537 (4.76) | 380 (4.01) | 157 (8.27) | |
| Moderate–severe | 224 (2.04) | 143 (1.59) | 81 (4.15) | |
| Severe | 111 (1.00) | 58 (0.62) | 53 (2.77) |
a
Unweighted N.o. (Weighted %).
b
Chi‐squared test with Rao & Scott's second‐order correction.
c
Body mass index: Normal weight (BMI ≤ 24), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), obese (BMI ≥ 30).
d
Depression severity: none (PHQ score 0–4), mild (PHQ score 5–9), moderate (PHQ score 10–14), moderate–severe (PHQ score 15–19), severe (PHQ score 20–27).