Table 1.
Study 1 | Study 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Placebo | CAW | Placebo | CAW | Control |
ARE: NRF2 mean fold induction, SEM | 1, 0.0.24 | 1.66, 0.31 p = 0.15 |
2.12, 0.43 vs control, p = 0.34 |
3.99, 0.90 vs placebo, p = 0.07 |
1, 0.23 vs CAW, p = 0.002 |
ARE: HMOX1 Mean fold induction, SEM | 1, 0.30 | 1.42, 0.39 p = 0.43 |
1.63, 0.24 vs control, p = 0.42 |
2.90, 0.58 vs placebo, p = 0.047 |
1, 0.14 vs CAW, p = 0.002 |
ARE: NQO1 Mean fold induction, SEM | 1, 0.29 | 1.31, 0.26 p = 0.46 |
2.03, 0.35 vs control, p = 0.27 |
4.09, 0.71 vs placebo, p = 0.013 |
1, 0.29 vs CAW, p = 0.0003 |
ARE: GCLC Mean fold induction, SEM | 1, 0.24 | 1.95, 0.48 p = 0.13 |
1.88, 0.26 vs control, p = 0.12 |
3.20, 0.46 vs placebo, p = 0.016 |
1, 0.17 vs CAW, p = 0.0001 |
OCR -basal (pmol O2/min) mean SEM | 133.1, 4.4 n = 3 |
156.8, 6.4 n = 4, p = 0.04 |
90.08, 3.55 vs control, p = 0.03 |
105.56, 4.98 vs placebo, p = 0.18 |
105.20, 2.99 vs CAW, p = 0.99 |
OCR -maximal (pmol O2/min) mean SEM | 156.4, 9.2 n = 3 |
190.28, 5.7 n = 4, p = 0.03 |
112.60, 3.10 vs control, p = 0.001 |
140.82, 6.33 vs placebo, p = 0.0005 |
138.90, 5.16 vs CAW, p = 0.96 |
OCR- spare capacity (pmol O2/min), mean SEM | 47.8, 5.0 n = 3 |
64.8, 2.8 n = 4, p = 0.03 |
22.52, 4.87 vs control, p = 0.38 |
35.26, 5.29 vs placebo, p = 0.28 |
33.62, 6.97 vs CAW, p = 0.98 |
GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit; HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1; NQO1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-quinone oxidoreductase 1; NRF2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like; SEM, standard error of the mean