Table 2.

Modified Fugl-Meyer Assessment Items

Group	Fugl-Meyer Item	Abbreviation
AI. Reflexes	Flexors Extensors	R R
AII. Flexor Synergy	Shoulder retraction during hand to ear activity Shoulder elevation during hand to ear activity Shoulder abduction during hand to ear activity Shoulder external rotation during hand to ear activity Elbow flexion during hand to ear activity Forearm supination during hand to ear activity	U U FM-0 U FM-1 FM-2
AII. Extensor Synergy	Shoulder adduction during hand to ear activity Elbow extension during hand to knee activity Forearm pronation during hand to knee activity	FM-3 FM-4 FM-5
AIII. Mixed Synergies	Hand to lumbar spine Shoulder flexion to 90° Forearm pronation/supination with elbow at 90°	U FM-6 FM-7
AIV. Low Synergy	Shoulder abduction to 90° Shoulder flexion to 180° Forearm pronation/supination with shoulder flexed	FM-8 FM-9 FM-10
AV. Normal Reflexes	Biceps, triceps, and fingers	R
B. Wrist	Wrist stability with elbow at 90° Wrist flexion/extension with elbow at 90° Wrist stability with elbow at 180° Wrist flexion/extension with elbow at 180° Wrist circumduction	S FM-11 S FM-12 FM-13
C. Hand	Mass flexion Mass extension	FM-14 FM-15
C. Grasp	Hook grasp Thumb adduction Pincer grasp Cylinder grasp Spherical grasp	S S S S S
D. Coordination/Speed	Tremor during finger from knee to nose activity Dysmetria during finger from knee to nose activity Time to complete finger from knee to nose activity	FM-16* FM-17* FM-18*

Note that 18 of 33 tests (55%) in the Fugl-Meyer can theoretically be scored using the presented model and are abbreviated with the prefix “FM-”.

^*Items listed with do not have prediction accuracies due to score class imbalances (FM-16 and FM-17) and the specific scoring criteria (FM-18). Abbreviations: R, requiring physical examination; U, undetectable motion; S, requiring strength assessment.