Table 2.
Barriers and facilitators identified from the included studies and consultation groups with healthcare professionals, categorized per CFIR construct including prioritization from healthcare professionals.
| Construct | Sub-component | Barrier/facilitator from literature | References | Emerged from stakeholder consultation? | Ranking of priority by HCP per construct per domain |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention characteristics | |||||
| Intervention source | No barriers and facilitators | No | |||
| Evidence strength and quality | - | Yes | Intervention characteristics were not prioritized by HCP | ||
| + | (2, 4, 34, 37, 47, 49) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Relative advantage | No barriers and facilitators | Yes | |||
| Adaptability | - | (18, 36, 42) | Yes | ||
| + | (2, 4, 46) | ||||
| +/– | (13, 45) | ||||
| Trialability | No barriers and facilitators | No | |||
| Complexity | - | (18, 43, 45) | Yes | ||
| + | (47) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Design quality and packaging | - | (45, 49) | Yes | ||
| + | (13, 42) | ||||
| +/– | (4) | ||||
| Cost | - | (4, 13, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49) | Yes | ||
| + | (13, 48) | ||||
| +/– | (18, 40) | ||||
| Outer setting | |||||
| Patient needs and resources | - | (2, 18, 36, 43, 46, 47) | Yes | 1 | |
| + | (38, 45) | ||||
| +/– | (4, 13, 33, 34, 40–42, 44) | ||||
| Cosmopolitanism | - | (43, 44) | Yes | 2 | |
| + | (4, 13, 18, 40, 42, 47–50) | ||||
| +/– | (46) | ||||
| Peer pressure | No barriers and facilitators | Yes | |||
| External policy and incentives | - | (5, 36, 43) | Yes | 3 | |
| + | (18, 37, 47–49) | ||||
| +/– | (42) | ||||
| Inner setting | |||||
| Structural characteristics | - | (5) | Yes | ||
| + | (48) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Networks and communications | - | (43, 44) | Yes | 1 | |
| + | (4, 13, 46, 47) | ||||
| +/– | (35, 49) | ||||
| Culture | No barriers and facilitators | No | |||
| Implementation climate | - | (5, 42) | Yes | 3 | |
| + | (35) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Tension for change | No barriers and facilitators | Yes | |||
| Compatibility | - | (43) | Yes | ||
| + | (2, 4, 45, 47) | ||||
| +/– | (13, 18) | ||||
| Relative priority | - | (18, 42, 43) | No | ||
| + | |||||
| +/– | |||||
| Organizational incentives & rewards | - | No | |||
| + | (50) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Goals and feedback | No barriers and facilitators | No | |||
| Learning climate | No barriers and facilitators | No | |||
| Readiness for implementation | - | (5) | Yes | 2 | |
| + | |||||
| +/– | |||||
| Leadership engagement | - | (50) | Yes | ||
| + | (47) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Available resources | - | (5, 24, 34, 40, 46, 49, 50) | Yes | ||
| + | (4, 18, 47, 48) | ||||
| +/– | (41, 42, 45) | ||||
| Access to knowledge & information | - | (18) | Yes | ||
| + | (4, 5, 13, 37, 47) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Characteristics of individuals | |||||
| Knowledge and beliefs about the intervention | - | (5, 18, 42, 50) | Yes | 1 | |
| + | (13, 45) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Self-efficacy | No barriers and facilitators | Yes | |||
| Individual stage of change | - | (5, 18) | No | ||
| + | (4, 13) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Individual identification with organization | No barriers and facilitators | No | |||
| Other personal attributes | - | (35, 40, 46, 47) | Yes | 2 | |
| + | (4, 13, 39) | ||||
| +/– | (42, 45) | ||||
| Process | |||||
| Planning | - | Yes | 2 | ||
| + | (13) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Engaging | - | (18) | Yes | 1 | |
| + | |||||
| +/– | |||||
| Opinion leaders | - | Yes | |||
| + | (5) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Formally appointed internal implementation leaders | - | Yes | |||
| + | (42, 50) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Champions | - | Yes | |||
| + | (47) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| External change agents | No barriers and facilitators | Yes | |||
| Key stakeholders | - | (34, 36, 46, 47) | No | ||
| + | (45) | ||||
| +/– | |||||
| Innovation participants | - | (47) | Yes | ||
| + | (13, 45) | ||||
| +/– | (40) | ||||
| Executing | No barriers and facilitators | No | |||
| Reflecting & evaluating | - | ||||
| + | (4, 13, 37) | No | |||
| +/– | |||||
Barriers and facilitators identified from literature are presented as; += facilitator, −= barrier, +/– = barrier and facilitator.