Table 2.

Components of decision-making for very old ICU patients

Country/region	Key parameters of decision-making (in addition to acute and chronic conditions)	How to deal with prognostic uncertainty	Involvement of geriatric medicine/palliative care	Trigger to consider limiting LST in the presented scenario
Australia	Expected functional outcome	Treatment trial in- or outside ICU	Rarely	AKI
Brazil	Patient's and family's values	Time-limited trial in ICU	Rarely	AKI requiring dialysis
Canada	Patient's and family's values	Time-limited trial in ICU	Palliative care	AKI, stroke
China	Family's wishes	ICU trial, discussion with patient's legal representative	Palliative care	Lack of appropriate response to treatment
England	Baseline function, expected functional outcome	ICU trial	Palliative care, geriatric medicine (rarely)	AKI
Hong Kong	Family's wishes	Time-limited trial in ICU	Rarely	High vasopressor doses, AKI, stroke
Israel	Expected functional outcome, family's wishes	ICU trial	Geriatric medicine (rarely)	Increased suffering, decreased likelihood of acceptable functional outcome
Libya	Patient's and family's values, functional independence, social support	Discussions with family, colleagues and other healthcare staff	Physicians with experience in geriatric medicine or palliative care	Individual (depending on patient's values)
Norway	Patient's values	Treatment trial in- or outside ICU	Rarely	AKI
Poland	Expected functional outcome, burden of treatment	Time-limited trial in ICU	Rarely	Stroke

AKI acute kidney injury