TABLE 3.
Cox regression model results including partially and fully adjusted models.
| Outcome | Social connection marker | Partially adjusted models |
Fully adjusted models |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | I2 (%) | τ 2 | Egger’s testb | HR (95%CI) | I2 (%) | τ 2 | Egger’s test | ||
| MCI | Married/in a relationship | 0.86 (0.73, 1.02) | 23.76 | 0.02 | z = 2.02, p = 0.04 | 0.84 (0.72, 0.98) | 4.67 | 0.00 | z = 2.12, p = 0.03 |
| Living with others | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 35.95 | 0.01 | z = −0.76, p = 0.44 | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | 38.13 | 0.01 | z = −0.88, p = 0.38 | |
| Community Group Engagementa | |||||||||
| Yearly | 0.90 (0.73, 1.12) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 1.66, p = 0.10 | 0.86 (0.68, 1.09) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 1.47, p = 0.14 | |
| Monthly | 1.00 (0.82, 1.23) | 8.68 | 0.01 | z = 0.42, p = 0.68 | 1.05 (0.81, 1.35) | 15.75 | 0.01 | z = 0.96, p = 0.34 | |
| Weekly | 0.76 (0.56, 1.03) | 42.01 | 0.05 | z = 1.35, p = 0.18 | 0.70 (0.54, 0.92) | 17.48 | 0.01 | z = 1.90, p = 0.06 | |
| Interactions with family/friendsa | |||||||||
| Yearly | 0.90 (0.62, 1.30) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 1.15, p = 0.25 | 0.94 (0.62, 1.42) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 1.15, p = 0.25 | |
| Monthly | 0.85 (0.72, 0.99) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.09, p = 0.93 | 0.87 (0.73, 1.04) | 3.31 | 0.00 | z = 0.75, p = 0.45 | |
| Weekly | 0.82 (0.71, 0.95) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.90, p = 0.37 | 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.00 | z = 0.99, p = 0.32 | |
| High degree of Social Support | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.06, p = 0.95 | 0.88 (0.75, 1.04) | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Having a confidante | 0.89 (0.72, 1.11) | 65.56 | 0.04 | z = −1.76, p = 0.08 | 0.90 (0.73, 1.09) | 29.33 | 0.01 | z = −1.72, p = 0.09 | |
| High relationship Satisfaction | 0.95 (0.62, 1.46) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.01, p = 1.00 | 0.99 (0.63, 1.55) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.41, p = 0.69 | |
| Never feeling lonely | 0.62 (0.50, 0.77) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.48, p = 0.63 | 0.72 (0.57, 0.92) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.34, p = 0.73 | |
| Dementia | Married/in a relationship | 0.76 (0.52, 1.11) | 35.94 | 0.11 | z = 1.99, p = 0.05 | 0.73 (0.50, 1.06) | 34.07 | 0.07 | z = 1.29, p = 0.20 |
| Living with others | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) | 20.09 | 0.02 | z = −0.03, p = 0.98 | 1.09 (0.90, 1.33) | 19.03 | 0.01 | z = −1.04, p = 0.30 | |
| Community Group Engagementa | |||||||||
| Yearly | 0.98 (0.69, 1.40) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.34, p = 0.73 | 0.97 (0.67, 1.40) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.15, p = 0.88 | |
| Monthly | 0.81 (0.57, 1.14) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.40, p = 0.69 | 0.83 (0.58, 1.20) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.08, p = 0.93 | |
| Weekly | 0.76 (0.54, 1.07) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.02, p = 0.99 | 0.75 (0.52, 1.08) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.56, p = 0.58 | |
| Interactions with family/friendsa | |||||||||
| Yearly | 0.87 (0.54, 1.42) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.73, p = 0.47 | 0.82 (0.45, 1.51) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.62, p = 0.53 | |
| Monthly | 0.48 (0.35, 0.66) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.46, p = 0.64 | 0.49 (0.34, 0.69) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.87, p = 0.38 | |
| Weekly | 0.53 (0.41, 0.67) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.79, p = 0.43 | 0.56 (0.43, 0.73) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −1.14, p = 0.26 | |
| High degree of Social Support | 0.83 (0.47, 1.46) | 54.29 | 0.13 | z = −0.68, p = 0.50 | 1.01 (0.57, 1.78) | 62.21 | 0.11 | ||
| Having a confidante | 0.68 (0.46, 1.02) | 60.51 | 0.11 | z = −0.21, p = 0.83 | 0.68 (0.52, 0.89) | 5.53 | 0.01 | z = −1.03, p = 0.30 | |
| High relationship Satisfaction | 0.68 (0.27, 1.70) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 1.19, p = 0.23 | 0.77 (0.27, 2.19) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.06, p = 0.95 | |
| Never feeling lonely | 0.63 (0.40, 0.99) | 34.02 | 0.07 | z = −2.06, p = 0.04 | 0.76 (0.53, 1.08) | 2.94 | 0.01 | z = −1.37, p = 0.17 | |
| HR (95%CI) | I2 (%) | τ 2 | Egger’s testb | HR (95%CI) | I2 (%) | τ 2 | Egger’s test | ||
| Mortality | Married/in a relationship | 0.78 (0.66, 0.93) | 19.08 | 0.01 | z = −0.45, p = 0.65 | 0.82 (0.65, 1.03) | 38.21 | 0.03 | z = 0.96, p = 0.34 |
| Living with others | 0.91 (0.81, 1.01) | 37.48 | 0.01 | z = 0.54, p = 0.59 | 0.87 (0.77, 0.99) | 39.48 | 0.01 | z = 0.63, p = 0.53 | |
| Community Group Engagementa | |||||||||
| Yearly | 0.78 (0.66, 0.93) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.63, p = 0.53 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) | 0.02 | 0.00 | z = −0.43, p = 0.67 | |
| Monthly | 0.61 (0.52, 0.72) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.06, p = 0.95 | 0.67 (0.57, 0.80) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.44, p = 0.66 | |
| Weekly | 0.52 (0.44, 0.61) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.84, p = 0.40 | 0.58 (0.49, 0.68) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.65, p = 0.52 | |
| Interactions with family/friendsa | |||||||||
| Yearly | 0.77 (0.50, 1.17) | 25.03 | 0.05 | z = 1.84, p = 0.07 | 0.86 (0.44, 1.70) | 50.09 | 0.18 | z = 1.49, p = 0.14 | |
| Monthly | 0.80 (0.66, 0.96) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = 0.87, p = 0.38 | 0.91 (0.66, 1.26) | 40.02 | 0.06 | z = 1.13, p = 0.26 | |
| Weekly | 0.70 (0.56, 0.88) | 20.21 | 0.02 | z = 1.15, p = 0.25 | 0.82 (0.59, 1.13) | 38.89 | 0.06 | z = 0.90, p = 0.37 | |
| High degree of Social Support | 0.79 (0.67, 0.93) | 0.00 | 0.00 | – | 0.87 (0.72, 1.06) | 25.14 | 0.01 | – | |
| Having a confidante | 0.88 (0.73, 1.05) | 60.05 | 0.02 | z = −0.81, p = 0.42 | 0.83 (0.73, 0.95) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.33, p = 0.74 | |
| High relationship Satisfaction | 1.34 (0.85, 2.13) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.90, p = 0.37 | 1.62 (0.89, 2.97) | 14.73 | 0.06 | z = −0.78, p = 0.43 | |
| Never feeling lonely | 0.97 (0.77, 1.22) | 20.69 | 0.01 | z = −1.36, p = 0.17 | 0.98 (0.79, 1.21) | 0.00 | 0.00 | z = −0.86, p = 0.39 | |
Note: The reference groups for the social connection markers were single/never married (vs. married/in a relationship), living alone (vs. living with others), never engaging in community activities (vs. yearly/monthly/weekly community group engagement), never interacting with family/friends (vs. yearly/monthly/weekly interactions with family/friends), low degree of social support (vs. high degree of social support), not having a confidante (vs. having a confidante), low relationship satisfaction (vs. high relationship satisfaction), and often feeling lonely (vs. never feeling lonely).