TABLE 1.
Demographic Characteristics of No-POD and POD Patients
| Level | No-POD | POD | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 86 | 17 | ||
| Age (median [IQR]) | 72.00 [69.00, 77.00] | 74.00 [70.00, 78.00] | 0.544 | |
| Sex (%) | F | 45 (52.3) | 8 (47.1) | 0.856 |
| M | 41 (47.7) | 9 (52.9) | ||
| Education (%) | Bachelor’s degree | 41 (47.6) | 10 (58.8) | 0.055 |
| High school graduate, GED | 7 (8.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Master’s degree | 17 (19.7) | 1 (5.9) | ||
| Some college, associate degree | 8 (9.3) | 2 (11.8) | ||
| Doctoral degree | 6 (7.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Unknown | 7 (8.1) | 4 (23.5) | ||
| Type of surgery (%) | LHR | 11 (12.7) | 2 (11.8) | 0.743 |
| LKR | 20 (23.2) | 4 (23.5) | ||
| RHR | 15 (17.4) | 1 (5.9) | ||
| RKR | 29 (33.7) | 8 (47.1) | ||
| Spine surgery | 11 (12.8) | 2 (11.8) | ||
| Pre-op_MMSE (median [IQR]) | 29.00 [29.00, 30.00] | 29.00 [28.00, 30.00] | 0.421 |
Descriptive statistics were summarized using means and standard deviations or medians and quantiles (25th and 75th percentiles) for numeric variables according to their data distribution. Categorical variables were reported using frequencies and percentages. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test or χ2 test for categorical variables (depending on sample size). All statistical analyses were performed using R statistical software V3.6 (The R foundation, Vienna, Austria) and Rstudio V1.2 (Rstudio PBC, Boston, MA). All tests were 2-tailed, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
F indicates female; LHR, left hip replacement; LKR, left knee replacement; M, male; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Exam; RHR, right hip replacement; RKR, right knee replacement.