Table 5.

Indicators of Malnutrition Risk and Their Considerations

Indicator	Key considerations
Disease	• Consider mechanism of effects on nutrient balance (e.g., impairs intake, increases requirements)
• Disease (e.g., stage of CKD)
• Conditions (e.g., edema)	• Priority should be given to symptoms that are directly related to nutrient balance
• Metabolic abnormalities (e.g., metabolic acidosis)
• Treatments (e.g., HD)
• Symptoms (e.g., anorexia)
Personal	• Often not modifiable with dietary intervention, but may impact efficacy
• Demographics
• Socioeconomic status
• Health habits (e.g., physical activity)
• Mental state and function (e.g., depression)

CKD, chronic kidney disease; HD, hemodialysis.