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. 2023 Oct 11;10:1252468. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252468

Table 2.

Objective hemorrhoidal disease classification.

Classification Advantage Disadvantage Treatment relevance Reproducibility Practicality Assessment value
Miles Associated with treatment modality Lack of evidence-based medical evidence; lack of classification of internal and external hemorrhoids ✰⋆
Goligher classification Wide range of application Lack of bleeding and classification of internal and external hemorrhoids; not associated with treatment modality; lack of evidence-based medical evidence
Histoclinical basis Novel; consideration of complications Lack of classification of internal and external hemorrhoids; not associated with treatment modality; lack of evidence-based medical evidence
Lunniss classification Comprehensive; refine the classification of non-prolapsed hemorrhoids Complicated; lack of evidence-based medical evidence
SPC Novel; focusing on the single piles; describe the anatomy in detail Not associated with treatment modality ⋆⋆
India hemorrhoid classification Subdivide of the number, circumference and thrombosed hemorrhoids Lack of bleeding and classification of internal and external hemorrhoids; lack of evidence-based medical evidence ⋆⋆
A/CTC Quantifying prolapse; concern about complications and contraindications to treatment modalities Complicated ⋆⋆
BPRST Novel; comprehensive Complicated; ambiguous treatment modalities ⋆⋆
Japanese colonoscope classification More objective assessment of bleeding Not for general use; rated by the guide rated as non-standard; not associated with treatment modality
Colonoscopic classification of internal hemorrhoids Reduces observer variability Not for general use; not associated with treatment modality
Videoanoscopy Wide view; high sensitivity; unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding can be ruled out Not for general use; not associated with treatment modality ⋆✰
Fabio Gaj classification Classification according to the number of hemorrhoids and complications Not associated with treatment modality ⋆⋆

If the hemorrhoidal disease classification fully satisfies the corresponding necessary factors ⋆; if the hemorrhoidal disease classification partially satisfies the corresponding necessary factors ✰; if the hemorrhoidal disease classification does not satisfy the corresponding necessary factors, no indication is given. SPC, The Single Pile Classification; A/CTC, Anatomical/Clinical-Therapcutic Classification; BPRST, Bleeding;Prolapse; Reduction; Skin tag; Thrombosis.