Figure 1.

Inflammatory atherosclerosis, risk factors and subsequent complications. Traditional risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, alterations in vascular blood flow, particularly abnormal WSS, contribute significantly to this pathological process. The presence of local inflammation in blood vessels is observed consistently throughout the progression of atherosclerosis, involving multiple cytokines and cell types. Ultimately, the rupture of atheromatous plaque in various arteries leads to the manifestation of diverse atherovascular diseases. HHcy, hyperhomocysteinemia; WSS, wall shear stress (Created with BioRender.com).