CVD	cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases
LDL	low-density lipoprotein
IMT	intima-media thickness
EC	endothelial cell
VSMCs	vascular smooth muscle cells
WSS	wall shear stress
IPH	intraplaque hemorrhage
BA	basilar artery
TPA	total plaque area
TPV	total plaque volume
CT	computed tomography
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
IVUS	intravascular ultrasound
OCT	optical coherence tomography
PWI	pulse wave imaging
PET	positron emission tomography
NIRS	near infrared spectroscopy
IL	interleukin
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
ox-LDL	oxidized low-density lipoprotein
ISD	inter-slice distance
CD	cluster of differentiation
GDF-15	growth differentiation factor 15
CFD	computational fluid dynamics
CAC	coronary artery calcium
ICAS	intracranial atherosclerosis
HR-MRI	high-resolution MRI
MCA	middle cerebral artery
NIRF	near-infrared fluorescence
FSI	fluid–structure interaction
WSSG	wall shear stress gradient
TA-WSS	time-averaged WSS
APS	the axial plaque stress
PR	pressure ratio