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. 2023 Oct 11;14:1251065. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251065

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Copyright © 2023 Garrett, Coatsworth, Mahmud, Hamerly, Stephenson, Ayers, Yazd, Miller, Lednicky and Dinglasan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Global lipidomics analysis in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells at 16 h and 48 h. (A) Hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis depicting the major affected lipid clustering between 16 h and 48 h infection. (B) Volcano plot showing the differential lipid abundance with SARS-CoV-2 infection between 16 h and 48 h. The primary significantly upregulated lipids include plasmalogens, diglycerides and triglycerides. (C) Bar graph showing the total abundance of ether lipids between the time points. Lipid molecule abbreviations (shown in panel B): PC-76 [1_PC (16,0_20:4) + Na], PC-114 [1_PC (18,1_20:4) + Na | 1_PC (16,0_22:5) + Na], PC-381 [2_PC (16,0_17:1) + Na | 2_PC (15,0_18:1) + Na], TG-584 [2_TG (18,1_22:4_22:4) + NH4], TG-590 [2_TG (20,2_22:3_22:4) + NH4], TG-598 [2_TG (22,3_22:3_22:3) + NH4], SM-524 [2_SM (d17:1/20:3) + H], Cer-NS-317 [2_Cer-NS (d17:1/14:0) + H], DG-15 [1_DG (16,0_18:1) + NH4 | 1_DG (16,1_18:0) + NH4], DG-19 [1_DG (18,1_18,1) + NH4 | 1_DG (16,0_20,2) + NH4 | 1_DG (16,1_20,1) + NH4 | 1_DG (18,0_18,2) + NH4], DG-341 [2_DG (16:1_18:1) + NH4 | 1_DG (16,1_18,1) + NH4 | 1_DG (16,0_18,2) + NH4 | 1_DG (14,0_20,2) + NH4], Ether-LPC-183 [1_Plasmanyl-LPC (O-18:0) + H], Ether-TG-493 [2_plasmanyl-TG (O-16:1_20:0_20:0) + NH4 | 2_plasmenyl-TG (P-16:0_20:0_20:0) + NH4], Plasmanyl-PC-167 [1_Plasmanyl-PC (O-18:0/16:0) + H], Plasmanyl-PC-170 [1_Plasmanyl-PC (O-16:0/22:2) + H], Plasmanyl-PC-175 [1_Plasmanyl-PC (O-16:0/22:1) + H], and Plasmanyl-PC-178 [1_Plasmanyl-PC (O-18:1/22:2) + H | 1_Plasmenyl-PC (P-18:0/22:2) + H].