Comparison 3. Penbutolol versus placebo.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Systolic blood pressure	2		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 (0.5x starting dose) 10 mg/day	1	155	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.4 [‐8.79, 3.99]
1.2 (1x starting dose) 20 mg/day	1	151	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐6.5 [‐12.99, ‐0.01]
1.3 (2x starting dose) 40 mg/day	1	156	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐4.5 [‐10.87, 1.87]
1.4 (4x starting dose) 80 mg/day	1	10	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐18.0 [‐31.33, ‐4.67]
2 Diastolic blood pressure	2		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 (0.5x starting dose) 10 mg/day	1	155	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.9 [‐6.96, 1.16]
2.2 (1x starting dose) 20 mg/day	1	151	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.7 [‐7.76, 0.36]
2.3 (2x starting dose) 40 mg/day	1	156	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.50 [‐7.54, 0.54]
2.4 (4x starting dose) 80 mg/day	1	10	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐11.1 [‐17.90, ‐4.30]
3 Heart rate	2		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 (0.5x starting dose) 10 mg/day	1	103	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.2 [‐9.82, 7.42]
3.2 (1x starting dose) 20 mg/day	1	99	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.40 [‐9.02, 8.22]
3.3 (2x starting dose) 40 mg/day	1	104	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.80 [‐11.42, 5.82]
3.4 (4x starting dose) 80 mg/day	1	10	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐19.7 [‐27.15, ‐12.25]
4 Pulse pressure	2		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 (0.5x starting dose) 10 mg/day	1	103	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.5 [‐7.32, 8.32]
4.2 (1x starting dose) 20 mg/day	1	99	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.8 [‐10.68, 5.08]
4.3 (2x starting dose) 40 mg/day	1	104	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.1 [‐8.90, 6.70]
4.4 (4x starting dose) 80 mg/day	1	10	Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐6.9 [‐18.37, 4.57]